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Geometry Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Prove it North Macedonia

A rhomb with length of one diagonal equal to 7.2extcm7.2\, ext{cm} has area of 34.56extcm234.56\, ext{cm}^2. Calculate the perimeter of the rhomb and the radius of its inscribed circle.

Solution

In the problem it is given that d1=7.2cmd_1 = 7.2\,\text{cm} and P=34.56cm2P = 34.56\,\text{cm}^2. From the formula for area P=d1d22P = \frac{d_1 \cdot d_2}{2} we have d2=2Pd1=234.567.2=9.6cmd_2 = \frac{2 \cdot P}{d_1} = \frac{2 \cdot 34.56}{7.2} = 9.6\,\text{cm}. For the side length of the rhomb we have a=(d12)2+(d22)2=3.62+4.82=6cma = \sqrt{\left(\frac{d_1}{2}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{d_2}{2}\right)^2} = \sqrt{3.6^2 + 4.8^2} = 6\,\text{cm}. So the perimeter of the rhomb is L=4a=46=24cmL = 4 \cdot a = 4 \cdot 6 = 24\,\text{cm}. The radius of the inscribed circle is half of its altitude. If we denote with xx the length of the orthogonal projection of one side of the rhomb on its neighboring side we have h2=a2x2h^2 = a^2 - x^2 and h2=d12(ax)2h^2 = d_1^2 - (a-x)^2. From these two equalities we have a2x2=d12(ax)2a^2 - x^2 = d_1^2 - (a-x)^2 or a2d12+2ax=0a^2 - d_1^2 + 2ax = 0. From this we have x=2a2d122a=2627.2226=1.68cmx = \frac{2a^2 - d_1^2}{2a} = \frac{2 \cdot 6^2 - 7.2^2}{2 \cdot 6} = 1.68\,\text{cm}. Then h=a2x2=621.682=5.76cmh = \sqrt{a^2 - x^2} = \sqrt{6^2 - 1.68^2} = 5.76\,\text{cm} and the radius of the inscribed circle is r=12h=125.76=2.88cmr = \frac{1}{2}h = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 5.76 = 2.88\,\text{cm}.

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