Problem:
A simple graph on vertices has its edges colored red and green. It turns out that any monochromatic cycle has even length. Given this information, what is the maximum number of edges could have?
Problem:
A simple graph on vertices has its edges colored red and green. It turns out that any monochromatic cycle has even length. Given this information, what is the maximum number of edges could have?
Solution:
Note that has no ; indeed, it's well-known that the only triangle-free coloring of the edges of consists of two monochromatic -cycles. Therefore, the number of edges of is at most by Turán's theorem.
To show this occurs, we split the graph into four equally sized components . We color red all edges between and , or and . We color green all edges between and , and , and , and and . This indeed has the claimed number of edges, and the subgraphs formed by each color are bipartite, so this solves the problem.