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Geometry Difficulty 6.5 National Olympiad Prove it Slovenia

Let ABCABC be a right triangle with the right angle at CC, such that BC=a|BC| = a and AC=b|AC| = b. Let DD be a point on the opposite side of the line ACAC from BB, such that the triangle ACDACD is similar to the triangle ABCABC. Let EE be a point on the line CDCD, such that EBC\angle EBC is a right angle. Find the area of the quadrilateral ABEDABED in terms of aa and bb.

Solution

The triangles ACDACD and ABCABC are similar, so CAD=BAC\angle CAD = \angle BAC. We notice that the point EE does not lie on the same side of the line BCBC as AA, so BCE=180ACBDCA=90DCA=CAD=BAC\angle BCE = 180^\circ - \angle ACB - \angle DCA = 90^\circ - \angle DCA = \angle CAD = \angle BAC. We conclude that the triangles ABCABC and CEBCEB are also similar since they have two congruent angles. By Pythagoras' theorem we have AB=a2+b2|AB| = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}.

Similarity of the triangles ABCABC and ACDACD implies
ADAC=ACABandDCAC=CBAB \frac{|AD|}{|AC|} = \frac{|AC|}{|AB|} \quad \text{and} \quad \frac{|DC|}{|AC|} = \frac{|CB|}{|AB|}
Figure 1
From the first equality we get AD=b2a2+b2|AD| = \frac{b^2}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}, and from the second DC=aba2+b2|DC| = \frac{ab}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}. Since the triangles ABCABC and CEBCEB are also similar, we have
BEBC=CBCA \frac{|BE|}{|BC|} = \frac{|CB|}{|CA|}
which implies BE=a2b|BE| = \frac{a^2}{b}.

Thus, the area of the quadrilateral ABEDABED equals
p=ADDC2+ACCB2+CBBE2=ab32(a2+b2)+ab2+a32b=ab4+ab2(a2+b2)+a3(a2+b2)2b(a2+b2)=2ab4+2a3b2+a52b(a2+b2). \begin{align*} p &= \frac{|AD| \cdot |DC|}{2} + \frac{|AC| \cdot |CB|}{2} + \frac{|CB| \cdot |BE|}{2} \\ &= \frac{ab^3}{2(a^2 + b^2)} + \frac{ab}{2} + \frac{a^3}{2b} = \frac{ab^4 + ab^2(a^2 + b^2) + a^3(a^2 + b^2)}{2b(a^2 + b^2)} \\ &= \frac{2ab^4 + 2a^3b^2 + a^5}{2b(a^2 + b^2)}. \end{align*}

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