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Geometry Difficulty 8.3 Shortlist Prove it India

Let ABCABC be an acute-angled triangle with AB<ACAB < AC, and let O,HO, H be its circumcentre and orthocentre respectively. Points Z,YZ, Y lie on segments AB,ACAB, AC respectively, such that
ZOB=YOC=90. \angle ZOB = \angle YOC = 90^\circ.
The perpendicular line from HH to line YZYZ meets lines BOBO and COCO at Q,RQ, R respectively. Let the tangents to the circumcircle of AYZ\triangle AYZ at points YY and ZZ meet at point TT. Prove that Q,R,O,TQ, R, O, T are concyclic.

Solutions — 3

Solution 1

Define KK to be the point on YZYZ such that HKYZHK \perp YZ. Let AA' be a point on the circumcircle of ABC\triangle ABC such that AABCAA' \parallel BC.

Lemma 1. YZYZ is the perpendicular bisector of HAHA'.
Proof. Let HBH_B denote the reflection of HH in ACAC. Then note that AHBCOA'H_B \parallel CO. This is because (AA,AHB)=90A=(CO,BC)\angle (AA', A'H_B) = \angle 90^\circ - A = \angle (CO, BC). Now YOCOYO \perp CO implies OYAHBOY \perp A'H_B. This shows YA=YHB=YHYA' = YH_B = YH. Similarly ZH=ZAZH = ZA'. \square

Figure 1

Lemma 2. OKBCOK \perp BC.
Proof. Let DD and DD' denote the foot of perpendiculars from H,AH, A' onto BCBC respectively. Then note that if MM is the foot of perpendicular from KK onto BCBC, then by similarity, DM=MDDM = MD' as HK=KAHK = KA'. However BD=DCBD = D'C, so MB=MCMB = MC, as desired. \square

Lemma 3. RYRY and QZQZ are tangents to the circumcircle of AYZ\triangle AYZ.
Proof. Note that RKYORKYO is a cycle quadrilateral. Now we angle chase: RYK=ROK=(CO,OK)=BAC=YAZ\angle RYK = \angle ROK = \angle (CO, OK) = \angle BAC = \angle YAZ. Thus, RYRY is tangent to the circumcircle of AYZ\triangle AYZ. Similarly for QZQZ. \square

Finally note that OO is the Miquel point of quadrilateral QZYRQZYR, as RKYORKYO and QKZOQKZO are cyclic. Thus P:=QZYRP := QZ \cap YR lies on the circumcircle of QOR\triangle QOR, as desired. \square

Solution 2

Observe that BOZ+COY=180\angle BOZ + \angle COY = 180^\circ hence the isogonal conjugate QQ of point OO in quadrilateral BCYZBCYZ exists. Since HH and OO are isogonal conjugates in ABCABC, Q=HQ=H follows.
In particular, OO is the centre of the circle passing through the reflections of HH in BC,CY,YZ,ZBBC, CY, YZ, ZB; which coincides with the circumcircle of ABCABC. Thus reflection PP of HH in YZYZ lies on (ABC)(ABC).
However, YHZ=A\angle YHZ = \angle A as YOZ=1802A\angle YOZ = 180^\circ - 2\angle A and H,OH, O are isogonal conjugates in BCYZBCYZ, hence PP lies on (AYZ)(AYZ) as well.
Now BZ=OB/sinCBZ = OB/\sin C hence BZBA=2R2=CYCABZ \cdot BA = 2R^2 = CY \cdot CA, where RR is the circumradius of ABCABC. Thus, BB and CC have equal powers in (AYZ)(AYZ) or the circumcentre O1O_1 of triangle AYZAYZ lies on the perpendicular bisector of BCBC, which passes through OO.
Further, OO is the centre of spiral similarity sending YZYZ to QRQR so it suffices to show that it sends O1O_1 to TT, where TT is the point of intersection of YY and ZZ tangents to AYZAYZ.
Let OO1YZ=KOO_1 \cap YZ = K and the line through OO parallel to BCBC meet QRQR at SS. Now the same spiral similarity maps KK to SS so we just need to show that OS/OK=OT/OO1OS/OK = OT/OO_1. Both are equal to tan(YZ,BC)\tan \angle (YZ, BC), so we are done.
To conclude, suffices to show ODYZOD \perp YZ where DD is the foot of AA-altitude which will allow O,K,YZQRO, K, YZ \cap QR to be collinear. This follows as HPYZHP \perp YZ as H,OH, O isogonal conjugates in BCYZBCYZ hence
PAY=PZY=HZY=OZB=C. \angle PAY = \angle PZY = \angle HZY = \angle OZB = \angle C.
\square

Solution 3

We prove Lemma 2 of Solution A using complex numbers, and then finish the same way as in Solution A.
We toss the diagram on the complex plane. Let the circumcircle of ABC\triangle ABC be the unit circle, so OO is the origin, and let A=aA = a, B=bB = b, C=1/bC = 1/b without loss of generality. Use za=b(zxˉ1)z - a = -b(z\bar{x} - 1) and z=b2zˉz = -b^2\bar{z} to get that Z=z=b(a+b)baZ = z = \frac{b(a+b)}{b-a}. By symmetry, Y=y=c(a+c)ca=(ab+1)b(1ab)Y = y = \frac{c(a+c)}{c-a} = \frac{(ab+1)}{b(1-ab)}.

Now, redefine KK to be intersection of the perpendicular from OO to BCBC with YZYZ. We need to show that HKYZHK \perp YZ.
We calculate
yz=(1b2)(ab(a+b)+ab)b(1ab)(ab),soyzyˉzˉ=ab(a+b)+aba+b+ab(ba) y - z = \frac{(1 - b^2)(ab(a + b) + a - b)}{b(1 - ab)(a - b)}, \quad \text{so} \quad \frac{y - z}{\bar{y} - \bar{z}} = \frac{ab(a + b) + a - b}{a + b + ab(b - a)}
Therefore, k=zab(a+b)+aba+b+ab(ba)(kˉzˉ)k = z - \frac{ab(a + b) + a - b}{a + b + ab(b - a)}(\bar{k} - \bar{z}). Also k=kˉk = \bar{k} since it lies on the real axis. Therefore,
2a+2ab2a+b+ab(ba)k=z(1ab(a+b)+abb2(a+b+ab(ba)))k=b(a+b)ba(b2+1)(1+ab)(ba)2ab2(1+b2)=(a+b)(ab+1)2ab \frac{2a + 2ab^2}{a + b + ab(b - a)} \cdot k = z \left(1 - \frac{ab(a + b) + a - b}{b^2(a + b + ab(b - a))}\right) \Rightarrow k = \frac{b(a + b)}{b - a} \cdot \frac{(b^2 + 1)(1 + ab)(b - a)}{2ab^2(1 + b^2)} = \frac{(a + b)(ab + 1)}{2ab}
Finally, the orthocenter H=h=a+b+1bH = h = a + b + \frac{1}{b}. Thus, hk=ab(a+b)+(ab)2abh - k = \frac{ab(a + b) + (a - b)}{2ab}. Finally,

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