Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

Let TT be a trapezoid with two right angles and side lengths 4,4,54, 4, 5, and 17\sqrt{17}. Two line segments are drawn, connecting the midpoints of opposite sides of TT and dividing TT into 4 regions. If the difference between the areas of the largest and smallest of these regions is dd, compute 240d240 d.

Solution

Solution:

Figure 1

By checking all the possibilities, one can show that TT has height 44 and base lengths 44 and 55. Orient TT so that the shorter base is on the top.

Then, the length of the cut parallel to the bases is 4+52=92\frac{4+5}{2}=\frac{9}{2}. Thus, the top two pieces are trapezoids with height 22 and base lengths 22 and 94\frac{9}{4}, while the bottom two pieces are trapezoids with height 22 and base lengths 94\frac{9}{4} and 52\frac{5}{2}. Thus, using the area formula for a trapezoid, the difference between the largest and smallest areas is

d=(52+94942)22=12 d=\frac{\left(\frac{5}{2}+\frac{9}{4}-\frac{9}{4}-2\right) \cdot 2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.