Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.4 National Olympiad Prove it JBMO

Problem:
Let O1O_{1} be a point in the exterior of the circle c(O,R)c(O, R) and let O1NO_{1}N, O1DO_{1}D be the tangent segments from O1O_{1} to the circle. On the segment O1NO_{1}N consider the point BB such that BN=RBN = R. Let the line from BB parallel to ONON intersect the segment O1DO_{1}D at CC. If AA is a point on the segment O1DO_{1}D other than CC so that BC=BA=aBC = BA = a, and if c(K,r)c^{\prime}(K, r) is the incircle of the triangle O1ABO_{1}AB; find the area of ABCABC in terms of aa, RR, rr.

Solution

Solution:
Obviously, the segment BCBC is tangent to the circle cc. Let MM be the point of tangency (Figure 6).

Figure 1

Call QQ, MM the tangency points of BABA, BCBC with cc^{\prime} and cc respectively, and call HH the midpoint of segment ACAC. It is well known that
AQ=12(AO1+ABBO1) and CM=12(BO1+BCCO1) AQ = \frac{1}{2}(AO_{1} + AB - BO_{1}) \text{ and } CM = \frac{1}{2}(BO_{1} + BC - CO_{1})
and so
AQ+CM=12(2BCAC)=a12AC=aHC AQ + CM = \frac{1}{2}(2BC - AC) = a - \frac{1}{2}AC = a - HC
The triangles KAQKAQ and OCMOCM are similar and this implies
KQOM=AQCMKQAQ=OMCMrAQ=RCM=R+rAQ+CM=R+raHCrAQ=R+raHA \begin{aligned} \frac{KQ}{OM} & = \frac{AQ}{CM} \Leftrightarrow \frac{KQ}{AQ} = \frac{OM}{CM} \Leftrightarrow \frac{r}{AQ} = \frac{R}{CM} = \frac{R + r}{AQ + CM} = \frac{R + r}{a - HC} \Leftrightarrow \\ \frac{r}{AQ} & = \frac{R + r}{a - HA} \end{aligned}
If AZAZ is the bisector segment of triangle BAHBAH it holds
AZH=90=12BAC and KAQ=12(180BAC)=9012BAC \angle AZH = 90^{\circ} = \frac{1}{2} \angle BAC \text{ and } \angle KAQ = \frac{1}{2}(180^{\circ} - \angle BAC) = 90^{\circ} - \frac{1}{2} \angle BAC
Therefore, from the similar triangles KQAKQA and AHZAHZ we get
AHZH=rAQ=(6)R+raHA \frac{-AH}{ZH} = \frac{r}{AQ} \stackrel{(6)}{=} \frac{R + r}{a - HA}
Also, from the bisector theorem in triangle ABHABH it holds
ZH=AHBHa+AH ZH = \frac{AH \cdot BH}{a + AH}
and from (7) it follows
R+raHA=AHAHBHa+AHR+r=a2AH2BH=BH2BH=BH \frac{R + r}{a - HA} = \frac{AH}{\frac{AH \cdot BH}{a + AH}} \Rightarrow R + r = \frac{a^{2} - AH^{2}}{BH} = \frac{BH^{2}}{BH} = BH
So
HA2=a2(R+r)2HA=a2(R+r)2 HA^{2} = a^{2} - (R + r)^{2} \Leftrightarrow HA = \sqrt{a^{2} - (R + r)^{2}}
and finally the area of triangle ABCABC in terms of aa, RR, rr is:
(ABC)=AHBH=(R+r)a2(R+r)2 (ABC) = AH \cdot BH = (R + r) \sqrt{a^{2} - (R + r)^{2}}

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.