Problem: Let O1 be a point in the exterior of the circle c(O,R) and let O1N, O1D be the tangent segments from O1 to the circle. On the segment O1N consider the point B such that BN=R. Let the line from B parallel to ON intersect the segment O1D at C. If A is a point on the segment O1D other than C so that BC=BA=a, and if c′(K,r) is the incircle of the triangle O1AB; find the area of ABC in terms of a, R, r.
Solution
Solution: Obviously, the segment BC is tangent to the circle c. Let M be the point of tangency (Figure 6).
Call Q, M the tangency points of BA, BC with c′ and c respectively, and call H the midpoint of segment AC. It is well known that AQ=21(AO1+AB−BO1) and CM=21(BO1+BC−CO1) and so AQ+CM=21(2BC−AC)=a−21AC=a−HC The triangles KAQ and OCM are similar and this implies OMKQAQr=CMAQ⇔AQKQ=CMOM⇔AQr=CMR=AQ+CMR+r=a−HCR+r⇔=a−HAR+r If AZ is the bisector segment of triangle BAH it holds ∠AZH=90∘=21∠BAC and ∠KAQ=21(180∘−∠BAC)=90∘−21∠BAC Therefore, from the similar triangles KQA and AHZ we get ZH−AH=AQr=(6)a−HAR+r Also, from the bisector theorem in triangle ABH it holds ZH=a+AHAH⋅BH and from (7) it follows a−HAR+r=a+AHAH⋅BHAH⇒R+r=BHa2−AH2=BHBH2=BH So HA2=a2−(R+r)2⇔HA=a2−(R+r)2 and finally the area of triangle ABC in terms of a, R, r is: (ABC)=AH⋅BH=(R+r)a2−(R+r)2
Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track
puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.
Source: MathNet,
licensed CC-BY-4.0.
Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.