Maths Olympiad Prep

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Combinatorics Difficulty 5.0 AIME Prove it Romania

How many four digit numbers abcdabcd simultaneously satisfy the equalities a+b=c+da + b = c + d and a2+b2=c2+d2a^2 + b^2 = c^2 + d^2?

Solution

From a+b=c+da + b = c + d we get (a+b)2=(c+d)2(a + b)^2 = (c + d)^2, hence ab=cdab = cd and furthermore a22ab+b2=c22cd+d2a^2 - 2ab + b^2 = c^2 - 2cd + d^2. As (ab)2=(cd)2(a - b)^2 = (c - d)^2, we have ab=cd|a - b| = |c - d|, which implies ab=cda - b = c - d or ab=dca - b = d - c. Recall that a+b=c+da + b = c + d, so either a=c,b=da = c, b = d or a=d,b=ca = d, b = c.
The numbers must have one of the forms aaaa\overline{aaaa}, abba\overline{abba} or abab\overline{abab}, with a0a \neq 0 and aba \neq b. In all, there are 9+99+99=9+81+81=1719 + 9 \cdot 9 + 9 \cdot 9 = 9 + 81 + 81 = 171 numbers.

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