Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2012

Geometry Difficulty 8.7 Shortlist Prove it Balkan Mathematical Olympiad

Let PP and QQ be points inside a triangle ABCABC such that PAC=QAB\angle PAC = \angle QAB and PBC=QBA\angle PBC = \angle QBA. Let DD and EE be the feet of the perpendiculars from PP to the lines BCBC and ACAC, and FF be the foot of perpendicular from QQ to the line ABAB. Let MM be the intersection of the lines DEDE and ABAB. Prove that MPCFMP \perp CF.

Solution

Let GG be the foot of the perpendicular from PP to the line ABAB, and HH and II be the feet of the perpendiculars from QQ to the lines CBCB and CACA, respectively. Observe that we also have PCA=QCB\angle PCA = \angle QCB by the trigonometric form of Ceva's Theorem.

The quadrilaterals AEPGAEPG and AFQIAFQI are similar, so AEG=AFI\angle AEG = \angle AFI, and therefore points E,F,G,IE, F, G, I lie on a circle k1k_1. Similarly, points D,E,I,HD, E, I, H lie on a circle k2k_2, and points D,H,F,GD, H, F, G on a circle k3k_3.

If the circles k1,k2k_1, k_2 and k3k_3 are all different, the radical axes of pairs of these circles are the lines AB,BCAB, BC and CACA, a contradiction. Therefore the points D,E,F,G,H,ID, E, F, G, H, I are cyclic.

Let KK and LL be the centers of the circles CDPECDPE and PFGPFG. Since MDME=MFMGMD \cdot ME = MF \cdot MG, the line MPMP is the radical axis of these two circles, and therefore perpendicular to KLKL. Since KK and LL are the midpoints of segments PCPC and PFPF, the lines KLKL and CFCF are parallel, and therefore MPCFMP \perp CF.

Figure 1

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