Maths Olympiad Prep

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Combinatorics Difficulty 4.4 AIME Find the answer United States

Problem:
A king is placed in the left bottom corner of the 6×66 \times 6 chessboard. At each step it can either move one square up, or one square to the right, or diagonally - one up and one to the right. How many ways are there for the king to reach the top right corner of the board?

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Solution:
We shall make a 6×66 \times 6 table. In each cell of the table we will write a number of ways in which the king can reach that cell. We will fill it out gradually starting with a row of ones at the bottom and a column of ones at the left. To fill out the rest we use the following rule: the number in each cell is equal to the sum of the numbers immediately below, to the left, and diagonally (to the left and below). The result is:

111612316811683
1941129321681
172563129231
1513254161
1357911
111111

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.