Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2015

Combinatorics Difficulty 6.0 AIME, harder Prove it Saudi Arabia

There are 22 chairs in a round table. Find the minimum nn such that for any group of nn people sitting in the table, we always can find two people with exactly 2 or 8 chairs between them.

Solution

We consider the graph with 22 vertices 0,1,,210, 1, \ldots, 21. Two vertices xx and yy are connected by an edge if xy±3,±9(mod22)x - y \equiv \pm 3, \pm 9 \pmod{22}. We consider only ±3\pm 3 modulo 22, then we have a cycle through all vertices. If we choose any n12n \geq 12 vertices, there are two vertices (corresponding to 2 people) with exactly 2 chairs between them. If n=11n = 11, we can choose 11 vertices: 0,6,12,,60(mod22)0, 6, 12, \ldots, 60 \pmod{22}. It is clear that 10x≢±3,±9(mod22)10x \not\equiv \pm 3, \pm 9 \pmod{22} for every xx. It means there is an arrangement for 11 people such that no two people with exactly 2 or 8 chairs between them.

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