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Iranian Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 7.0 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Iran

Quadrilateral ABCDABCD is both inscribed and circumscribed. Let EE be the intersection point of ADAD and BCBC, FF the intersection point of ABAB and CDCD, SS the intersection point of ACAC and BDBD and OO the circumcenter of quadrilateral ABCDABCD. E′E' and F′F' are selected on ABAB and ADAD such that ∠BEE′=∠AEE′\angle BEE' = \angle AEE' and ∠AFF′=∠DFF′\angle AFF' = \angle DFF'. Let MM be the midpoint of arc BADBAD of the circumcircle of the quadrilateral and XX a point collinear with OO and E′E' such that XAXB=EAEB\frac{XA}{XB} = \frac{EA}{EB}. Also let YY be a point collinear with OO and F′F' such that YAYD=FAFD\frac{YA}{YD} = \frac{FA}{FD}. Prove that the circle with diameter OSOS, the circumcircle of triangle OAMOAM and the circumcircle of triangle OXYOXY are co-axis.

Solution

An inversion with center OO and constant r2r^2 (rr is the radius of the circumcircle of quadrilateral), takes the circle with diameter OSOS to the line EFEF and the circumcircle of the triangle OAMOAM to the line AMAM. Furthermore, since XOXO is the bisector of ∠AXB\angle AXB and OA=OBOA = OB, we get the quadrilateral AXBOAXBO is cyclic and so OE′⋅OX=r2OE' \cdot OX = r^2. Similarly, OF′⋅OY=r2OF' \cdot OY = r^2. Therefore, under this inversion the circumcircle of triangle OXYOXY maps to the line E′F′E'F'. So it is enough to prove that the line EFEF, E′F′E'F' and AMAM are concurrent.

Denote by ω\omega, ωE\omega_E and ωF\omega_F the incircles of quadrilateral ABCDABCD, triangle EABEAB and triangle FADFAD, respectively. Now EE and E′E' are the external and internal homothetic centers of ωE\omega_E and ω\omega, respectively. In the same manner FF and F′F' are the external and internal homothetic centers of ωF\omega_F and ω\omega, respectively. Therefore, EFEF and E′F′E'F' meet at the internal homothetic center of ωF\omega_F and ωE\omega_E, say RR. On the other hand, AMAM is the bisector of ∠EAB=∠FAD\angle EAB = \angle FAD and so is the line of centers of ωF\omega_F and ωE\omega_E. Thus, RR the internal homothetic center of ωE\omega_E and ωF\omega_F lies on AMAM. So we have proved that the lines EFEF, E′F′E'F' and AMAM meet at KK, which completes the proof.

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