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Geometry Difficulty 6.0 AIME, harder Prove it Brazil

Let FnF_n be the Fibonacci sequence F1=F2=1F_1 = F_2 = 1, Fn+2=Fn+1+FnF_{n+2} = F_{n+1} + F_n. Put Vn=Fn2+Fn+22V_n = \sqrt{F_n^2 + F_{n+2}^2}. Show that VnV_n, Vn+1V_{n+1}, Vn+2V_{n+2} are the sides of a triangle of area 1/21/2.

Solution

Let A=(Fn+4,0)A = (F_{n+4}, 0), B=(0,Fn+2)B = (0, F_{n+2}) and C=(Fn+3,Fn)C = (F_{n+3}, F_n). Notice that
AB=Fn+42+Fn+22=Vn+2,BC=Fn+32+(Fn+2Fn)2=Fn+32+Fn+12=Vn+1 AB = \sqrt{F_{n+4}^2 + F_{n+2}^2} = V_{n+2}, \quad BC = \sqrt{F_{n+3}^2 + (F_{n+2} - F_n)^2} = \sqrt{F_{n+3}^2 + F_{n+1}^2} = V_{n+1}
and CA=(Fn+4Fn+3)2+Fn2=Fn+22+Fn2=VnCA = \sqrt{(F_{n+4} - F_{n+3})^2 + F_n^2} = \sqrt{F_{n+2}^2 + F_n^2} = V_n. Its area equals D2\frac{|D|}{2}, where
D=Fn+4010Fn+21Fn+3Fn1=Fn+4Fn+2Fn+3Fn+2FnFn+4=Fn+4(Fn+2Fn)Fn+3Fn+2=Fn+4Fn+1Fn+3Fn+2=Fn+1Fn+2Fn+3Fn+4 \begin{aligned} D &= \begin{vmatrix} F_{n+4} & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & F_{n+2} & 1 \\ F_{n+3} & F_n & 1 \end{vmatrix} = F_{n+4}F_{n+2} - F_{n+3}F_{n+2} - F_nF_{n+4} \\ &= F_{n+4}(F_{n+2} - F_n) - F_{n+3}F_{n+2} = F_{n+4}F_{n+1} - F_{n+3}F_{n+2} \\ &= \begin{vmatrix} F_{n+1} & F_{n+2} \\ F_{n+3} & F_{n+4} \end{vmatrix} \end{aligned}
Let An+1=(Fn+1Fn+2Fn+3Fn+4)A_{n+1} = \begin{pmatrix} F_{n+1} & F_{n+2} \\ F_{n+3} & F_{n+4} \end{pmatrix}. An easy induction proves that An=(0112)A_n = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 \end{pmatrix}.
((0111))n(\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix})^n. Indeed, A0=(F0F1F2F3)=(0112)(0111)0A_0 = \begin{pmatrix} F_0 & F_1 \\ F_2 & F_3 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}^0 and
An+1(0111)=(Fn+1Fn+2Fn+3Fn+4)(0111)=(Fn+2Fn+1+Fn+2Fn+4Fn+3+Fn+4)=(Fn+2Fn+3Fn+4Fn+5)=An+2 \begin{aligned} A_{n+1} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix} &= \begin{pmatrix} F_{n+1} & F_{n+2} \\ F_{n+3} & F_{n+4} \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} F_{n+2} & F_{n+1} + F_{n+2} \\ F_{n+4} & F_{n+3} + F_{n+4} \end{pmatrix} \\ &= \begin{pmatrix} F_{n+2} & F_{n+3} \\ F_{n+4} & F_{n+5} \end{pmatrix} = A_{n+2} \end{aligned}
Hence
D=An+1=01120111n+1=(0211)(0111)n+1=(1)n+2 D = |A_{n+1}| = \begin{vmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 \end{vmatrix} \cdot \begin{vmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{vmatrix}^{n+1} = (0 \cdot 2 - 1 \cdot 1) \cdot (0 \cdot 1 - 1 \cdot 1)^{n+1} = (-1)^{n+2}
and area ABC=D2=12ABC = \frac{|D|}{2} = \frac{1}{2}.

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