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Ukrainian National Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 6.2 National Olympiad Prove it Ukraine

Non-isosceles triangle ABCABC is given, in which 2AC=AB+BC2AC = AB + BC. Let II be the incenter of the inscribed circle in ABCABC, KK be the middle of the sector ABCABC of the circumscribed circle. Let TT be such point on the line ACAC that ∠TIB=90∘\angle TIB = 90^\circ. Prove that line TBTB is tangent to the circumcircle of △KBI\triangle KBI.

Solution

Without loss of generality, suppose AB<BCAB < BC. Let angular bisector of ∠ABC\angle ABC intersect the circumcircle of the triangle second time in point WW, and let point MM be the middle of ACAC. Let us prove that BI=IWBI = IW. For that, from II and WW, we draw perpendiculars II1II_1 and WW1WW_1 on line BCBC (Fig. 14). It is known that
BW1=12(AB+BC)=AC,and BW_1 = \frac{1}{2}(AB + BC) = AC, \quad \text{and}
BI1=12(AB+BC−AC)=12AC,hence, BI1=I1W1and BI_1 = \frac{1}{2}(AB + BC - AC) = \frac{1}{2}AC, \quad \text{hence, } BI_1 = I_1W_1 \quad \text{and}
BI=WI. BI = WI.

Notice also that quadrilateral TIMWTIMW is inscribed with diameter TWTW.
Let us show that ∠BKI=∠IMA\angle BKI = \angle IMA. From the trillium theorem, WA=WC=WIWA = WC = WI, i.e.
WI2=WM⋅WK.Then,WI^2 = WM \cdot WK. \quad \text{Then,}
ΔWIM∼ΔKIW,which means\Delta WIM \sim \Delta KIW, \quad \text{which means}
∠WMI=∠WIK⇒∠BKI=∠IMA.\angle WMI = \angle WIK \Rightarrow \angle BKI = \angle IMA.
Now, in △BTW\triangle BTW, TITI is altitude and median, which makes △BTW\triangle BTW isosceles, and so
∠TBI=∠TWI=∠TMI=∠BKI,\angle TBI = \angle TWI = \angle TMI = \angle BKI,
which yields the statement of the problem.

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