Olympiad Maths Prep

Library / /36 of 60

Geometry Difficulty 6.2 National olympiad Prove it Ukraine

Non-isosceles triangle ABCABC is given, in which 2AC=AB+BC2AC = AB + BC. Let II be the incenter of the inscribed circle in ABCABC, KK be the middle of the sector ABCABC of the circumscribed circle. Let TT be such point on the line ACAC that TIB=90\angle TIB = 90^\circ. Prove that line TBTB is tangent to the circumcircle of KBI\triangle KBI.

Solution

Without loss of generality, suppose AB<BCAB < BC. Let angular bisector of ABC\angle ABC intersect the circumcircle of the triangle second time in point WW, and let point MM be the middle of ACAC. Let us prove that BI=IWBI = IW. For that, from II and WW, we draw perpendiculars II1II_1 and WW1WW_1 on line BCBC (Fig. 14). It is known that
BW1=12(AB+BC)=AC,and BW_1 = \frac{1}{2}(AB + BC) = AC, \quad \text{and}
BI1=12(AB+BCAC)=12AC,hence, BI1=I1W1and BI_1 = \frac{1}{2}(AB + BC - AC) = \frac{1}{2}AC, \quad \text{hence, } BI_1 = I_1W_1 \quad \text{and}
BI=WI. BI = WI.

Notice also that quadrilateral TIMWTIMW is inscribed with diameter TWTW.
Let us show that BKI=IMA\angle BKI = \angle IMA. From the trillium theorem, WA=WC=WIWA = WC = WI, i.e.
WI2=WMWK.Then,WI^2 = WM \cdot WK. \quad \text{Then,}
ΔWIMΔKIW,which means\Delta WIM \sim \Delta KIW, \quad \text{which means}
WMI=WIKBKI=IMA.\angle WMI = \angle WIK \Rightarrow \angle BKI = \angle IMA.
Now, in BTW\triangle BTW, TITI is altitude and median, which makes BTW\triangle BTW isosceles, and so
TBI=TWI=TMI=BKI,\angle TBI = \angle TWI = \angle TMI = \angle BKI,
which yields the statement of the problem.

Looking for a route rather than an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.