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IMO Hk TST, 1997

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ABCABC is a triangle with integral sides. MM is the midpoint of BCBC. The in-circle with centre II touches ABAB and ACAC at EE and FF respectively and DD is the projection of MM on EFEF. Suppose that ADMIADMI is a parallelogram and AB+BC+CA=65AB + BC + CA = 65. Find AB×BC×CAAB \times BC \times CA.

Solution

The product is 93609360.
Let aa, bb, cc, rr, ss be the lengths of BCBC, CACA, ABAB, the inradius and the semiperimeter of △ABC\triangle ABC respectively. Let NN be the midpoint of ACAC, and let PP be the intersection point of EFEF and MNMN. It is well-known that ∠BPC=90∘\angle BPC = 90^\circ. Therefore, we have MP=a2MP = \frac{a}{2}. (Alternatively, one can prove this by noting MN=c2MN = \frac{c}{2} and PN=NF=c−a2PN = NF = \frac{c-a}{2}.)

Figure 1

Note that NM∥ABNM \parallel AB by the midpoint theorem. Since ADMIADMI is a parallelogram, we have
AI=DM=PMsin⁡∠DPM=a2sin⁡∠FEA=a2cos⁡A2. AI = DM = PM \sin \angle DPM = \frac{a}{2} \sin \angle FEA = \frac{a}{2} \cos \frac{A}{2}.
On the other hand, we have
AI=rsin⁡A2=bcsin⁡A2ssin⁡A2=bcscos⁡A2. AI = \frac{r}{\sin \frac{A}{2}} = \frac{bc \sin A}{2s \sin \frac{A}{2}} = \frac{bc}{s} \cos \frac{A}{2}.
Equating these, we obtain 2bc=as2bc = as. As it is given that 2s=652s = 65, this yields 4bc=65a4bc = 65a. Then the given condition becomes 4bc65+b+c=65\frac{4bc}{65} + b + c = 65. This can be factorized as
(4b+65)(4c+65)=5⋅652=53⋅132. (4b + 65)(4c + 65) = 5 \cdot 65^2 = 5^3 \cdot 13^2.
As 4b+654b + 65 and 4c+654c + 65 are larger than 6565, we must have 4b+65=1254b + 65 = 125 and 4c+65=1694c + 65 = 169 up to permutation. This gives (a,b,c)=(24,15,26)(a, b, c) = (24, 15, 26) or (24,26,15)(24, 26, 15). Therefore, abc=24×15×26=9360abc = 24 \times 15 \times 26 = 9360.

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