Maths Olympiad Prep

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Combinatorics Difficulty 3.8 AMC 10/12 Find the answer South Africa

For how many positive three-digit numbers is the hundreds digit smaller than the units digit?

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

360

Systematic counting soon reveals a pattern.

In the 900s there are clearly no cases.

In the 800s there are 10: 809, 819, 829, ..., 899.

In the 700s there are 20: 708, 718, 728, ..., 798
709, 719, 729, ..., 799.

In the 600s there are 30: 607, 617, 627, ..., 697
608, 618, 628, ..., 698
609, 619, 629, ..., 699.

This pattern continues until the 100s, where there are 80.

The desired total is thus 0+10+20+30+40+50+60+70+80=3600 + 10 + 20 + 30 + 40 + 50 + 60 + 70 + 80 = 360.

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