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Geometry Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Prove it Mongolia

Let MM be a point on the circumscribed circle of an acute triangle ABCABC and distinct from the vertices of ABCABC. MPMP and MQMQ are perpendicular lines from MM to ABAB and ACAC respectively and HH is orthocenter of triangle ABCABC. Prove that PQPQ intersects HMHM at the midpoint of HMHM.

Solution

Let us denote the feet of the perpendicular from MM to ACAC by RR. Then PP, QQ and RR are collinear (Simson's line).

Figure 1

If CAM=φ1\angle CAM = \varphi_1, ACM=φ2\angle ACM = \varphi_2 and ABC=β\angle ABC = \beta, then φ1+φ2=β\varphi_1 + \varphi_2 = \beta.

We first show that SPHQ=SPMQS_{PHQ} = S_{PMQ}. Since
SPMQ=SBPMQSBPQ and SPHQ=SBPQSBHQSBHP, S_{PMQ} = S_{BPMQ} - S_{BPQ} \text{ and } S_{PHQ} = S_{BPQ} - S_{BHQ} - S_{BHP},
it suffices to prove
SBPQ=SPQMP+SBHQ+SBHP2=SPMQ+SBHQ+SBHP(1). S_{BPQ} = \frac{S_{PQMP} + S_{BHQ} + S_{BHP}}{2} = S_{PMQ} + S_{BHQ} + S_{BHP} \quad (1).
BMsin(γ+φ2)=2R\frac{BM}{\sin(\gamma + \varphi_2)} = 2R and MQ=BMsinφ1MQ = BM \cdot \sin \varphi_1. From this MQ=2Rsinφ1sin(γ+φ2)MQ = 2R \sin \varphi_1 \sin(\gamma + \varphi_2). And similarly MP=2Rsinφ2sin(α+φ1)MP = 2R \sin \varphi_2 \sin(\alpha + \varphi_1), BQ=2Rcosφ1sin(γ+φ2)BQ = 2R \cos \varphi_1 \sin(\gamma + \varphi_2), BP=2Rcosφ2sin(α+φ1)BP = 2R \cos \varphi_2 \sin(\alpha + \varphi_1) (here sin(α+φ2)=sin(γ+φ2)\sin(\alpha + \varphi_2) = \sin(\gamma + \varphi_2)).

HA1=BHcosγ=2RcosβcosγHA_1 = BH \cos \gamma = 2R \cos \beta \cos \gamma, HC1=2RcosαcosβHC_1 = 2R \cos \alpha \cos \beta. From this the (1) equality is equivalent to sinβ(BPBQMPMQ)=HA1BQ+HC1BP\sin \beta(BP \cdot BQ - MP \cdot MQ) = HA_1 \cdot BQ + HC_1 \cdot BP.
sinβ(4R2sin(α+φ1)sin(γ+φ2))(cosφ1cosφ2sinφ1sinφ2)==4R2cosβ(cosγcosφ1sin(γ+φ2)+cosαcosφ2sin(α+φ1))sinβsin(α+φ1)=cosγcosφ1+cosαcosφ2sinβsinαcosφ1+sinβcosαsinφ1=cosφ1(sinαsinβcosαcosβ)+ \begin{aligned} & \sin \beta(4R^2 \sin(\alpha + \varphi_1) \sin(\gamma + \varphi_2))(\cos \varphi_1 \cos \varphi_2 - \sin \varphi_1 \sin \varphi_2) = \\ & = 4R^2 \cos \beta(\cos \gamma \cos \varphi_1 \sin(\gamma + \varphi_2) + \cos \alpha \cos \varphi_2 \sin(\alpha + \varphi_1)) \\ & \sin \beta \sin(\alpha + \varphi_1) = \cos \gamma \cos \varphi_1 + \cos \alpha \cos \varphi_2 \\ & \sin \beta \sin \alpha \cos \varphi_1 + \sin \beta \cos \alpha \sin \varphi_1 = \cos \varphi_1(\sin \alpha \sin \beta - \cos \alpha \cos \beta) + \end{aligned}
+cosα(cosβcosφ1+sinβsinφ1)=cosα(sinβsinφ1+cosβcosφ1)sinβsinαcosφ1=sinαsinβcosφ1 + \cos \alpha (\cos \beta \cos \varphi_1 + \sin \beta \sin \varphi_1) = \cos \alpha (\sin \beta \sin \varphi_1 + \cos \beta \cos \varphi_1) \\ \sin \beta \sin \alpha \cos \varphi_1 = \sin \alpha \sin \beta \cos \varphi_1
So SPHQ=SPMQS_{PHQ} = S_{PMQ}, implies that PQPQ intersects HMHM at the midpoint of HMHM.

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