Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2022

Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Taiwan

Let I,O,H,ΩI, O, H, \Omega be the incenter, circumcenter, orthocenter, and circumcircle of triangle ABCABC, respectively. Let AIAI meet Ω\Omega at MAM \neq A, let IHIH meet BCBC at DD, and let MDMD meet Ω\Omega at EME \neq M.
Prove that line OIOI is tangent to the circumcircle of IHE\triangle IHE.

Solution

Take a point XX such that XHIXIO\triangle XHI \sim \triangle XIO. We first prove that XX lies on Ω\Omega: take Y,ZY, Z such that XAYXBZXHI\triangle XAY \sim \triangle XBZ \sim \triangle XHI, then by spiral similarity, IAHOYI\triangle IAH \sim \triangle OYI. This tells us that OYI=IAH=OAI\angle OYI = \angle IAH = \angle OAI, that is, A,O,I,YA, O, I, Y are concyclic. Similarly, B,O,I,ZB, O, I, Z are concyclic. Let PP be the intersection of AYAY and BZBZ; then again by spiral similarity, AIBYOZ\triangle AIB \sim \triangle YOZ, so we obtain
APB=YAI+AIB+IBZ=YOI+AIB+IOZ=2AIB=ACB, \angle APB = \angle YAI + \angle AIB + \angle IBZ = \angle YOI + \angle AIB + \angle IOZ = 2 \cdot \angle AIB = \angle ACB,
that is, PP lies on Ω\Omega. Then from AXB=(AY,BZ)=APB\angle AXB = \angle (AY, BZ) = \angle APB we get that XX also lies on Ω\Omega.
Since XHI=XIO\angle XHI = \angle XIO, OIOI is tangent to (XHI)\odot(XHI), so we only need to prove that E,X,H,IE, X, H, I are concyclic. Note that DBM=BEM\angle DBM = \angle BEM, so MDME={MB}2={MI}2MD \cdot ME = \overline\{MB\}^2 = \overline\{MI\}^2, hence
MEI=DIM=HIA=IOY=IAP=MEP, \angle MEI = \angle DIM = \angle HIA = \angle IOY = \angle IAP = \angle MEP,
that is, E,I,PE, I, P are collinear. Therefore, from IEX=YAX=IHX\angle IEX = \angle YAX = \angle IHX we obtain that E,X,H,IE, X, H, I are concyclic.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from zh; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.