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Geometry Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Prove it India

Problem:
In a convex quadrilateral ABCDABCD, ABD=30\angle ABD = 30^{\circ}, BCA=75\angle BCA = 75^{\circ}, ACD=25\angle ACD = 25^{\circ} and CD=CBCD = CB. Extend CBCB to meet the circumcircle of triangle DACDAC at EE. Prove that CE=BDCE = BD.

Solution

Solution:
First we show that DEC=30\angle DEC = 30^{\circ}. Choose a point FF on ABAB such that CF=CBCF = CB. Join FCFC and FDFD. Observe that DCB=75+25=100\angle DCB = 75^{\circ} + 25^{\circ} = 100^{\circ}. Since CD=CBCD = CB, we have CDB=CBD=40\angle CDB = \angle CBD = 40^{\circ}. Therefore CBF=40+30=70\angle CBF = 40^{\circ} + 30^{\circ} = 70^{\circ}. This gives CFB=70\angle CFB = 70^{\circ}.
Since CD=CB=CFCD = CB = CF, we have the isosceles triangle CDFCDF. But BCF=40\angle BCF = 40^{\circ}. Hence FCD=60\angle FCD = 60^{\circ}. Therefore we have an equilateral triangle CDFCDF. This means FD=FC=CDFD = FC = CD and DFC=60\angle DFC = 60^{\circ}.

Figure 1

Observe that AFC=110\angle AFC = 110^{\circ} and FCA=35\angle FCA = 35^{\circ}. Hence FAC=35\angle FAC = 35^{\circ}. This means FA=FC=FDFA = FC = FD. Thus FF is the circumcentre of ADC\triangle ADC. This implies that
CAD=CFD2=30 \angle CAD = \frac{\angle CFD}{2} = 30^{\circ}
Therefore DEC=DAC=30\angle DEC = \angle DAC = 30^{\circ}. Now concentrate on triangle DCEDCE.
Construct an equilateral triangle ECGECG with CECE as base, on the side of BB. Join GDGD.

Figure 2

We have CGE=GCE=CEG=60\angle CGE = \angle GCE = \angle CEG = 60^{\circ} and CE=EG=GCCE = EG = GC. Since CED=30\angle CED = 30^{\circ}, we get GED=30\angle GED = 30^{\circ}. Thus EDED is the angle bisector of the isosceles triangle GECGEC. This implies that EDED is also the perpendicular bisector of GCGC. Thus DD is on the perpendicular bisector of GCGC. Therefore DC=DGDC = DG and hence DGC=DCG\angle DGC = \angle DCG.
But DCG=10060=40\angle DCG = 100^{\circ} - 60^{\circ} = 40^{\circ}. This implies that DGC=40\angle DGC = 40^{\circ} and hence CDG=100\angle CDG = 100^{\circ}.
Consider the quadrilateral GBCDGBCD. We have DG=DC=CBDG = DC = CB, GDC=100=DCB\angle GDC = 100^{\circ} = \angle DCB. It is an isosceles trapezium. (or we can show that GDCBCD\triangle GDC \cong \triangle BCD.) Therefore DB=GCDB = GC. But GC=CEGC = CE. Thus we get DB=CEDB = CE.

Alternate Solution
As in the previous solution, one shows that FF is the circumcenter of ADC\triangle ADC. Since EE lies on this circumcircle, this means FEFE is equal to all of the sides FA,FD,FCFA, FD, FC and thus also to CDCD and CBCB. Now CDBCDB and FCEFCE are both isosceles triangles with base angles 4040^{\circ}, and they have CD=FCCD = FC, so they are in fact congruent. This directly implies CE=BDCE = BD, as required.

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