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Junior Balkan MO

Geometry Difficulty 7.3 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it JBMO

Problem:

Let ABCABC be an acute triangle such that ABAB is the shortest side of the triangle. Let DD be the midpoint of the side ABAB and PP be an interior point of the triangle such that
CAP= CBP= ACB\text{CAP= CBP= ACB}
Denote by MM and NN the feet of the perpendiculars from PP to BCBC and ACAC, respectively. Let pp be the line through MM parallel to ACAC and qq be the line through NN parallel to BCBC. If pp and qq intersect at KK prove that DD is the circumcenter of triangle MNKMNK.

Solution

Solution:

If = ACB\text{= ACB} then CAP= CBP= ACB=\text{CAP= CBP= ACB=}. Let E=KN∩APE=KN \cap AP and F=KM∩BPF=KM \cap BP. We show that points EE and FF are midpoints of APAP and BPBP, respectively.

Figure 1

Indeed, consider the triangle AENAEN. Since KN∥BCKN \parallel BC, we have ENA= BCA=\text{ENA= BCA=}. Moreover EAN=\text{EAN=} giving that triangle AENAEN is isosceles, i.e. AE=ENAE=EN. Next, consider the triangle ENPENP. Since ENA=\text{ENA=} we find that
PNE=90 - ENA=90 -\text{PNE=90 - ENA=90 -}
Now EPN=90 -\text{EPN=90 -} implies that the triangle ENPENP is isosceles triangle, i.e. EN=EPEN=EP.
Since AE=EN=EPAE=EN=EP point EE is the midpoint of APAP and analogously, FF is the midpoint of BPBP. Moreover, DD is also midpoint of ABAB and we conclude that DFPEDFPE is parallelogram.
It follows from DE∥APDE \parallel AP and KE∥BCKE \parallel BC that DEK= CBP=\text{DEK= CBP=} and analogously DFK=\text{DFK=}.
We conclude that △EDN≅△FMD\triangle EDN \cong \triangle FMD (ED=FP=FMED=FP=FM, EN=EP=FDEN=EP=FD and DEN= MFD=180 -\text{DEN= MFD=180 -}) and thus ND=MDND=MD. Therefore DD is a point on the perpendicular bisector of MNMN. Further,
FDE = FPE=360 - BPM- MPN- NPA= =360 - (90 - )- (180 - )- (90 - )=3\text{FDE = FPE=360 - BPM- MPN- NPA= =360 - (90 - )- (180 - )- (90 - )=3}
It follows that
MDN = FDE- FDM- EDN= FDE- END- EDN= = FDE-( END+ EDN)=3 - =2 .\text{MDN = FDE- FDM- EDN= FDE- END- EDN= = FDE-( END+ EDN)=3 - =2 .}
Finally, KMCNKMCN is parallelogram, i.e. MKN= MCN=\text{MKN= MCN=}. Therefore DD is a point on the perpendicular bisector of MNMN and MDN=2 MKN\text{MDN=2 MKN}, so DD is the circumcenter of △MNK\triangle MNK.

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