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Greece — Selection Examination

Geometry Difficulty 6.2 National Olympiad Prove it Greece

Let △ABC\triangle ABC be a triangle inscribed in a circle Γ\Gamma with center OO. Let II be the incenter of △ABC\triangle ABC and D,E,FD, E, F the contact points of the incircle of △ABC\triangle ABC with BC,AC,ABBC, AC, AB, respectively. If SS is the foot of the perpendicular from DD to the line EFEF, prove that the line SISI passes through the antipodal of AA with respect to Γ\Gamma.

Solution

Let XX be the second intersection point of Γ\Gamma with IA′IA', where A′A' is the antipodal of AA with respect to Γ\Gamma. We will prove that the points X,S,IX, S, I are collinear.

We have IXA^=90∘\widehat{IXA} = 90^\circ, so XX belongs to the circle of diameter AIAI. The same holds for the points EE and FF, thus XX is on the circumcircle of AEIFAEIF. Therefore AFX^=AEX^\widehat{AFX} = \widehat{AEX}. However, ACX^=ABX^\widehat{ACX} = \widehat{ABX}, and as a result the triangles BFX,CEXBFX, CEX are similar. It follows that,
XFXE=BFCE=BDCD(1). \frac{XF}{XE} = \frac{BF}{CE} = \frac{BD}{CD} \qquad (1).
Since the intersection of EFEF with BCBC is the isogonal conjugate of BB, and SDF^=90∘\widehat{SDF} = 90^\circ, we get that SDSD is the bisector of BSC^\widehat{BSC}, thus
BSCS=BDCD(2). \frac{BS}{CS} = \frac{BD}{CD} \qquad (2).
Finally, since AFE^=AEF^\widehat{AFE} = \widehat{AEF}, and FSB^=CSE^\widehat{FSB} = \widehat{CSE}, the triangles BFS,CESBFS, CES are similar, so
BSCS=SFSE(3). \frac{BS}{CS} = \frac{SF}{SE} \qquad (3).
From (1), (2), (3) we get XFXE=BDCD=BSCS=SFSE\frac{XF}{XE} = \frac{BD}{CD} = \frac{BS}{CS} = \frac{SF}{SE}, which gives us that XSXS is the bisector of EXF^\widehat{EXF}. Since II is the midpoint of the arc EFEF at (AEIFAEIF), we have that XIXI is the bisector of EXF^\widehat{EXF}, so X,S,IX, S, I are collinear

Figure 1
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Figure 2
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Let M,NM, N the midpoints of FD,DEFD, DE, then DFE^=DEC^\widehat{DFE} = \widehat{DEC}, and the right-angled triangles DFS, DCN are similar, so:
FSDF=ENDC(4) \frac{FS}{DF} = \frac{EN}{DC} \qquad (4)
Similarly, from the similar triangles DES, BDM we get:
SEED=MDBD(5) \frac{SE}{ED} = \frac{MD}{BD} \qquad (5)
The relations (4) and (5) give
FSSE=BDCD(6) \frac{FS}{SE} = \frac{BD}{CD} \qquad (6)
The last one with the help of (1) gives that XS is the bisector of EXF^\widehat{EXF}. Since I is the midpoint of the arc EF at (AEIF), we have that XI is the bisector of EXF^\widehat{EXF}, so X, S, I are collinear.

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