Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.6 National olympiad Prove it Ukraine

Let ABCABC be a triangle and let its incircle, centred at II, touch the side BCBC at DD. A line through AA intersects the lines BCBC, BIBI and CICI at XX, YY and ZZ, respectively. The circle (ABC)(ABC) intersects the circles (AIY)(AIY) and (AIZ)(AIZ) again at UU and VV, respectively. Prove that the points DD, UU, VV and XX are concyclic.

(Fedir Yudin and Mykhailo Shtandenko)

Figure 1
Fig. 22

Solution

Let ABCABC be a triangle with orthocenter II, DD is the antipode of II in (BIC)(BIC) (we'll call this circle as ω\omega). So, ABCDABCD is a parallelogram. A circle, which passes through the points AA and II, intersects ω\omega at XX and lines BIBI and CICI at points YY and ZZ respectively (X,Y,ZIX,Y,Z \neq I). Lines AYAY and AZAZ intersect (ABC)(ABC) for the second time at points UU and VV respectively. Prove that the points DD, UU, VV and XX are concyclic. Let line UVUV meets BCBC at point LL. Then it will be sufficient to prove that DXDX passes through the point LL (because then LULV=LBLC=LXLDLU \cdot LV = LB \cdot LC = LX \cdot LD and the problem will be solved). Let KK be the second intersection point of (ABC)(ABC) and AXAX. Observe that (fig. 22)

(VA,AU)=(ZA,AY)=(ZI,IY)=(CI,BI)=(BA,AC), \angle(VA, AU) = \angle(ZA, AY) = \angle(ZI, IY) = \angle(CI, BI) = \angle(BA, AC),
So, arcs UVUV and BCBC are equal and then UV=BCUV = BC. Triangles UVKUVK and BCXBCX are similar, because
UVK=UAK=YAX=(XI,IY)=(XI,IB)=(XC,CB)=BCX \angle UVK = \angle UAK = \angle YAX = \angle(XI, IY) = \angle(XI, IB) = \angle(XC, CB) = \angle BCX
and, similarly, VUK=CBX\angle VUK = \angle CBX.

So, points DD, LL and XX are collinear.

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