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Geometry Difficulty 6.0 National olympiad Prove it Czech Republic

Let II be the incenter of a triangle ABCABC. The circle passing through the vertex BB and touches the line AIAI at II intersects the sides ABAB and BCBC at points PP and QQ, respectively. Let RR be the intersection point of the line QIQI and the side ACAC. Prove that
ARBQ=PI2. |AR| \cdot |BQ| = |PI|^2.

Solution

Let α,β,γ\alpha, \beta, \gamma denote the measures of the interior angles at the vertices A,B,CA, B, C, respectively, of the triangle ABCABC, and let JJ be the intersection point of the line AIAI and the side BCBC. (Fig. 2). The inscribed angle PBIPBI corresponds to the chord PIPI, while the inscribed angle QBIQBI corresponds to the chord IQIQ, and since the measure of both of these angles is 12β\frac{1}{2}\beta, the chords PIPI and IQIQ share the same length as well.

Figure 1
Fig. 2

Since the inscribed angle JIQJIQ also corresponds to the chord IQIQ, its measure is also 12β\frac{1}{2}\beta. It follows from the congruence of vertical angles that RIA=12β|\angle RIA| = \frac{1}{2}\beta. This measure is also shared by the inscribed angle PIAPIA as it corresponds to the chord PIPI of equal length as IQIQ. Further, RAI=PAI=12α|\angle RAI| = |\angle PAI| = \frac{1}{2}\alpha. The triangles RIARIA and PIAPIA are thus congruent by ASA, hence RI=PI|RI| = |PI|.

Therefore, the measure of the angle QIBQIB is
QIB=180AIBJIQ=180(90+γ2)β2=90(β2+γ2)=α2=RAI. \begin{aligned} |\angle QIB| &= 180^\circ - |\angle AIB| - |\angle JIQ| = 180^\circ - (90^\circ + \frac{\gamma}{2}) - \frac{\beta}{2} \\ &= 90^\circ - (\frac{\beta}{2} + \frac{\gamma}{2}) = \frac{\alpha}{2} = |\angle RAI|. \end{aligned}

The measure of the angle QIBQIB could also be determined as follows: Since the inscribed angles AIPAIP and IPQIPQ correspond to chords of equal length, we have AIP=12β=IPQ|\angle AIP| = \frac{1}{2}\beta = |\angle IPQ|. The congruence of alternate angles implies that AIPQAI \parallel PQ. Hence QPB=IAB=12α|\angle QPB| = |\angle IAB| = \frac{1}{2}\alpha, and so QIB=12α|\angle QIB| = \frac{1}{2}\alpha as well since they are both inscribed angles corresponding to the chord QBQB.

Since QIB=RAI|\angle QIB| = |\angle RAI| and QBI=RIA|\angle QBI| = |\angle RIA|, it follows that AIRIBQAIR \sim IBQ. Therefore, AR/RI=IQ/QB|AR|/|RI| = |IQ|/|QB|, so
ARQB=RIIQ=PI2. |AR| \cdot |QB| = |RI| \cdot |IQ| = |PI|^2.

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