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Geometry Difficulty 6.4 National Olympiad Prove it Saudi Arabia

Let ABCABC be a non-isosceles triangle with centroid GG and inscribed in circle (O)(O). Let M,N,PM, N, P be the midpoints of BC,CA,ABBC, CA, AB respectively. Let D,E,FD, E, F be the reflection points of the foot of the internal bisector of angles A,B,CA, B, C through M,N,PM, N, P respectively. Prove that the orthocenter of triangle DEFDEF lies on line OGOG.

Solution

Suppose EFEF intersects BCBC at DD'. Let (ωA)(\omega_A) be the circle with diameter DDDD'. By the angle bisector theorem, one can get
DBDC=ACAB,ECEA=ABBC,FAFB=BCCA. \frac{DB}{DC} = \frac{AC}{AB}, \quad \frac{EC}{EA} = \frac{AB}{BC}, \quad \frac{FA}{FB} = \frac{BC}{CA}.
Based on Ceva's theorem, AD,BE,CFAD, BE, CF are concurrent and (DD,BC)=1(DD', BC) = -1. If AU,AVAU, AV are the internal, external angle bisectors of triangle ABCABC, then (UV,BC)=1(UV, BC) = -1. Through the reflection over the center MM, then (DV,CB)=1(DV', CB) = -1 with VV' being the symmetric point to VV through MM. From there, DVD' \equiv V' so (ωA)(\omega_A) is the reflection of the AA-Apollonius circle through the perpendicular bisector of BCBC.

Suppose that AA-Apollonius circle intersects (O)(O) at KK then KBKC=ABAC\frac{KB}{KC} = \frac{AB}{AC} so ABKCABKC is harmonic, entailing AKAK is the symmetric line of triangle ABCABC. Therefore, (ωA)(\omega_A) intersects (O)(O) at A,RA', R will be the points symmetric to A,KA, K through the perpendicular bisector BCBC. Therefore, KRBCKR \parallel BC so AK,ARAK, AR are isogonal in angle AA, which implies that ARAR is the median of triangle ABCABC or RAMR \in AM. Suppose ARAR intersects (ωA)(\omega_A) at SS, then by the property of power of a point and Newton's formula, we have
MRMS=MDMD=MB2=MBMC=MRMA. \overline{MR} \cdot \overline{MS} = \overline{MD} \cdot \overline{MD'} = MB^2 = -\overline{MB} \cdot \overline{MC} = -\overline{MR} \cdot \overline{MA}.
From there, we deduce MS=MA\overline{MS} = -\overline{MA} or MM is the midpoint of ASAS. Here we have
PG/(O)PG/(ωA)=GRGAGRGS=GAGS=2/3MA4/3MS=12. \frac{\mathcal{P}_{G/(O)}}{\mathcal{P}_{G/(\omega_A)}} = \frac{\overline{GR} \cdot \overline{GA}}{\overline{GR} \cdot \overline{GS}} = \frac{\overline{GA}}{\overline{GS}} = \frac{2/3 \cdot \overline{MA}}{4/3 \cdot \overline{MS}} = -\frac{1}{2}.
Therefore PG/(ωA)=2PG/(O)\mathcal{P}_{G/(\omega_A)} = -2\mathcal{P}_{G/(O)} is equal between vertices A,B,CA, B, C. Therefore we have GG has the same power to the three circles (ωA),(ωB),(ωC)(\omega_A), (\omega_B), (\omega_C).

On the other hand, OAOA is tangent to the Apollonius circle at vertex AA so OAOA' is tangent to (ωA)(\omega_A). From there we have
PO/(ωA)=OA2=R2 \mathcal{P}_{O/(\omega_A)} = OA'^2 = R^2
with RR being the radius of (O)(O). Also because of this symmetry, GG has the same power to the three circles (ωA),(ωB),(ωC)(\omega_A), (\omega_B), (\omega_C). Let XX be the projection of DD onto EFEF then XDHX \in DH and X(ωA)X \in (\omega_A). Then, PH/(ωA)=HXHD\mathcal{P}_{H/(\omega_A)} = \overline{HX} \cdot \overline{HD}. Obviously, this quantity is also symmetric between the vertices D,E,FD, E, F in triangle DEFDEF, so HH also has the same power to the three circles (ωA),(ωB),(ωC)(\omega_A), (\omega_B), (\omega_C). From that we immediately have HOGH \in OG.

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