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Auswahlwettbewerb Zur IMO

Geometry Difficulty 7.7 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Germany

Problem:

In triangle ABCA B C, ADA D (D∈BCD \in B C) is a median, EE is a point on ACA C and FF is the intersection point of BEB E with ADA D.
Prove: If BFFE=BCAB+1\frac{B F}{F E}=\frac{B C}{A B}+1, then BEB E is an angle bisector.

Solution

Solution:

Let B′B', C′C', E′E' be the projections of BB, CC and EE onto the line ADA D. The right triangles △DBB′\triangle D B B' and △DCC′\triangle D C C' are congruent, since DD is the midpoint of BCB C and the acute angles at DD are equal in size. From this it follows that BB′=CC′B B' = C C'.
In triangle △AC′C\triangle A C' C, EE′E E' is parallel to CC′C C' and consequently
ACAE=CC′EE′=BB′EE′. \frac{A C}{A E} = \frac{C C'}{E E'} = \frac{B B'}{E E'}.
The right triangles △BB′F\triangle B B' F and △EE′F\triangle E E' F are similar, since the angles at FF are equal. From this it follows that BB′EE′=BFFE\frac{B B'}{E E'} = \frac{B F}{F E}, which together with the second-to-last relation leads to ACAE=BFFE\frac{A C}{A E} = \frac{B F}{F E}.

Figure 1

If we now replace BFFE\frac{B F}{F E} in the initial relation by ACAE\frac{A C}{A E}, we obtain:
BCAB+1=ACAE=BC+ABAB\frac{B C}{A B} + 1 = \frac{A C}{A E} = \frac{B C + A B}{A B}, which leads to AC−AEAE=BCAB\frac{A C - A E}{A E} = \frac{B C}{A B} and finally to ECAE=BCAB\frac{E C}{A E} = \frac{B C}{A B}.
By the converse of the angle bisector theorem, BE=wβB E = w_{\beta}.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from de; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.