Maths Olympiad Prep

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Number theory Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Prove it Estonia

When adding together positive integers aa and bb, Juku forgot to enter the final digit 7 of the number aa and got a result of 2022. Had Juku instead forgotten to enter the final digit of bb, the result would have been 5000. Find the sum of aa and bb.

Solution

Let a=x7a = \overline{x7} and b=ydb = \overline{yd}, where dd is the final digit of bb and x,yx, y are the numbers aa and bb without their final digits. Then a=10x+7a = 10x + 7 and b=10y+db = 10y + d. From the given information, we compile the system of equations
{x+10y+d=2022,y+10x+7=5000.(1) \begin{cases} x + 10y + d = 2022, \\ y + 10x + 7 = 5000. \end{cases} \qquad (1)
Subtracting the first equation from the second one, we get the equation
9(xy)d=2971.(2) 9(x - y) - d = 2971. \qquad (2)
As x,yx, y are integers, 9(xy)9(x - y) is divisible by 9. As the number 2971 gives a remainder of 1 upon division by 9, the number dd must give a remainder of 8; the only option for this is d=8d = 8. Substituting this into (2), we get xy=331x - y = 331, which we can substitute into either equation of (1) to get x=484x = 484 and y=153y = 153. Therefore a+b=4847+1538=6385a + b = 4847 + 1538 = 6385.

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