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Geometry Difficulty 7.0 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it China

As shown in the Fig. 1, MM, NN are the midpoints of arcs BC^\widehat{BC}, AC^\widehat{AC} respectively, which are on the circumscribed circle of an acute triangle ABC\triangle ABC (A<B\angle A < \angle B). Through point CC draw PCMNPC \parallel MN, intercepting the circle Γ\Gamma at point PP. II is the inner center of ABC\triangle ABC. Extend line PIPI to intercept Γ\Gamma at point TT.
Figure 1
Fig. 1

(1) Prove that MP×MT=NP×NTMP \times MT = NP \times NT;

(2) For an arbitrary point Q(A,T,B)Q (\neq A, T, B) on arc AB^\widehat{AB} (not containing CC), denote the inner centers of AQC\triangle AQC, QCB\triangle QCB by I1,I2I_1, I_2, respectively. Prove that Q,I1,I2,TQ, I_1, I_2, T are concyclic.

Solution

(1) As shown in Fig. 2, join NINI, MIMI. Since PCMNPC \parallel MN and P,C,M,NP, C, M, N are concyclic, PCMNPCMN is an isosceles trapezoid. Therefore, NP=MCNP = MC, PM=NCPM = NC.
Join AMAM, CICI. Then AMAM intercepts CICI at II. We have
MIC=MAC+ACI=MCB+BCI=MCI. \begin{align*} \angle MIC &= \angle MAC + \angle ACI \\ &= \angle MCB + \angle BCI \\ &= \angle MCI. \end{align*}
Figure 2
Fig. 2

Therefore, MC=MIMC = MI. In the same way, NC=NINC = NI. Then NP=MINP = MI, PM=NIPM = NI.
This means that MPNIMPNI is a parallelogram. Therefore, SPMT=SPNTS_{\triangle PMT} = S_{\triangle PNT}, for the two triangles having the same base and height.
On the other hand, TNP+PMT=180\angle TNP + \angle PMT = 180^{\circ}, as P,N,T,MP, N, T, M are concyclic. Then we have
SPMT=12PM×MTsinPMT=SPNT=12PN×NTsinPNT=12PN×NTsinPMT. \begin{aligned} S_{\triangle PMT} &= \frac{1}{2} PM \times MT \sin \angle PMT \\ &= S_{\triangle PNT} = \frac{1}{2} PN \times NT \sin \angle PNT \\ &= \frac{1}{2} PN \times NT \sin \angle PMT. \end{aligned}
Therefore, MP×MT=NP×NTMP \times MT = NP \times NT.

(2) As shown in Fig. 3, we have
NCI1=NCA+ACI1=NQC+QCI1=CI1N. \angle NCI_1 = \angle NCA + \angle ACI_1 = \angle NQC + \angle QCI_1 = \angle CI_1N.
Therefore, NC=NI1NC = NI_1. In the same way, MC=MI2MC = MI_2.
From MP×MT=NP×NTMP \times MT = NP \times NT we get
NTMP=MTNP. \frac{NT}{MP} = \frac{MT}{NP}.
From (1) we know that MP=NCMP = NC, NP=MCNP = MC. Then
Figure 3
Fig. 3
NTNI1=MTMI2. \frac{NT}{NI_1} = \frac{MT}{MI_2}.
Furthermore,
I1NT=QNT=QMT=I2MT. \angle I_1 NT = \angle QNT = \angle QMT = \angle I_2 MT.
Therefore, I1NTI2MT\triangle I_1 NT \sim \triangle I_2 MT. Consequently, NTI1=MTI2\angle NTI_1 = \angle MTI_2. Then we have
I1QI2=NQM=NTM=I1TI2. \angle I_1 QI_2 = \angle NQM = \angle NTM = \angle I_1 TI_2.
This means that Q,I1,I2,TQ, I_1, I_2, T are concyclic.

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