Find the total number of all permutations of -tuple satisfying for all .
Solution
Let be the total number of all permutations of -tuple satisfying for all . Readily .
If for some permutation , then is the only possibility.
If for some permutation for some , then and . Similarly we get for . Therefore, should be a permutation of satisfying conditions. Now note that the concatenation of and also satisfies conditions.
Thus, and consequently . Thus, and the answer is .
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