Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.0 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

A tangent line to a circle is a line that intersects the circle in exactly one point. A common tangent line to two circles is a line that is tangent to both circles. As an example, in the figure to the right, line aa is a common tangent to both circles, but line bb is only tangent to the larger circle.

Figure 1

Given two distinct circles in the plane, let nn be the number of common tangent lines that can be drawn to these two circles. What are all possible values of nn? Your answer should include drawings with explanations.

Solution

Solution:

The possible values of nn are 0,1,2,30, 1, 2, 3, and 44. These cases are illustrated below.

Figure 2

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.