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, 2012

Algebra Difficulty 4.7 AIME Prove it Saudi Arabia

Prove that for every positive real numbers aa, bb, cc,
1+a21+b+1+b21+c+1+c21+a6(21). \frac{1+a^2}{1+b} + \frac{1+b^2}{1+c} + \frac{1+c^2}{1+a} \ge 6(\sqrt{2}-1).

Solution

Solution 1. Using AM-GM inequality we have
1+a21+b+1+b21+c+1+c21+a31+a21+a1+b21+b1+c21+c3(1) \frac{1+a^2}{1+b} + \frac{1+b^2}{1+c} + \frac{1+c^2}{1+a} \ge 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1+a^2}{1+a} \cdot \frac{1+b^2}{1+b} \cdot \frac{1+c^2}{1+c}} \quad (1)
On the other hand, for every positive real number xx, the following inequality holds:
1+x21+x2(21).(2) \frac{1+x^2}{1+x} \ge 2(\sqrt{2}-1). \quad (2)
Indeed, the inequality (2) is equivalent to
x22(21)x+1(222)0, x^2 - 2(\sqrt{2}-1)x + 1 - (2\sqrt{2}-2) \ge 0,
i.e.
x22(21)x+(21)20, x^2 - 2(\sqrt{2}-1)x + (\sqrt{2}-1)^2 \ge 0,
and hence (x(21))20(x - (\sqrt{2} - 1))^2 \ge 0.
From (1) and (2) we obtain
1+a21+b+1+b21+c+1+c21+a38(21)33=6(21). \frac{1+a^2}{1+b} + \frac{1+b^2}{1+c} + \frac{1+c^2}{1+a} \ge 3\sqrt[3]{8(\sqrt{2}-1)^3} = 6(\sqrt{2}-1).
We have equality if and only if a=b=c=21a = b = c = \sqrt{2} - 1.

Solution 2. The triples
(1+a2,1+b2,1+c2)and(11+a,11+b,11+c) (1+a^2, 1+b^2, 1+c^2) \quad \text{and} \quad \left( \frac{1}{1+a}, \frac{1}{1+b}, \frac{1}{1+c} \right)
have opposite monotony. From the Rearrangement Inequality, it follows
cyc1+a21+b1+a21+a6(21), \sum_{cyc} \frac{1+a^2}{1+b} \ge \sum \frac{1+a^2}{1+a} \ge 6(\sqrt{2}-1),
where we have used the inequality (2) in the previous solution.

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