Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

Let ABCABC be an acute triangle with circumcircle Γ\Gamma. Let the internal angle bisector of BAC\angle BAC intersect BCBC and Γ\Gamma at EE and NN, respectively. Let AA' be the antipode of AA on Γ\Gamma and let VV be the point where AAAA' intersects BCBC. Given that EV=6EV=6, VA=7VA'=7, and AN=9A'N=9, compute the radius of Γ\Gamma.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Solution:

Let HaH_a be the foot of the altitude from AA to BCBC. Since AEAE bisects HaAV\angle H_a AV, by the angle bisector theorem AHaHaE=AVVE\frac{AH_a}{H_aE}=\frac{AV}{VE}. Note that AHaEANA\triangle AH_aE \sim \triangle ANA' are similar right triangles, so ANNA=AHaHaE\frac{AN}{NA'}=\frac{AH_a}{H_aE}.

Let RR be the radius of Γ\Gamma. We know that AA=2RAA'=2R, so AN=AA2NA2=4R281AN=\sqrt{AA'^2-NA'^2}=\sqrt{4R^2-81} and AV=AAVA=2R7AV=AA'-VA'=2R-7. Therefore

4R2819=ANNA=AHaHaE=AVVE=2R76 \frac{\sqrt{4R^2-81}}{9}=\frac{AN}{NA'}=\frac{AH_a}{H_aE}=\frac{AV}{VE}=\frac{2R-7}{6}

The resulting quadratic equation is

0=9(2R7)24(4R281)=20R2252R+765=(2R15)(10R51) 0=9(2R-7)^2-4\left(4R^2-81\right)=20R^2-252R+765=(2R-15)(10R-51)

We are given that ABCABC is acute so VA<RVA'<R. Therefore R=152R=\frac{15}{2}.

Figure 1

Solution 2

Solution:

Let Ψ\Psi denote inversion about AA with radius ABAC\sqrt{AB \cdot AC} composed with reflection about AEAE. Note that Ψ\Psi swaps the pairs {B,C},{E,N}\{B, C\},\{E, N\}, and {Ha,A}\{H_a, A'\}. Let K=Ψ(V)K=\Psi(V), which is also the second intersection of AHaAH_a with Γ\Gamma. Since AEAE bisects KAA\angle KAA', we have NK=NA=9NK=NA'=9. By the inversion distance formula,

NK=ABACVEAEAV=AEANVEAEAV=ANVEAV NK=\frac{AB \cdot AC \cdot VE}{AE \cdot AV}=\frac{AE \cdot AN \cdot VE}{AE \cdot AV}=\frac{AN \cdot VE}{AV}

This leads to the same equation as the previous solution.

We are given that ABCABC is acute so VA<RVA'<R. Therefore R=152R=\frac{15}{2}.

Figure 1

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