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Geometry Difficulty 7.5 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it China

Prove that there exists a constant λ>0\lambda > 0, such that: for any positive integer mm, in the rectangular coordinates system, if all vertices of ABC\triangle ABC are integral points, and there is a unique interior (not on the side) integral point whose xx and yy coordinates are multiples of mm, then the area of ABC\triangle ABC is less than λm3\lambda m^3.

(Contributed by Wang Bin and Fu Yunhao)

Solution

We call (x,y)(x, y) an “mm-integral point” if x,yx, y are integers and mxm|x, mym|y. By a proper translation, we may assume that the unique interior mm-integral point is at (0,0)(0, 0). Extend AOAO, BOBO, and COCO to meet the opposite sides at points DD, EE, and FF, respectively. Denote
p=ODAD=SOBCSABC,q=OEBE=SOCASABC,r=OFCF=SOABSABC. p = \frac{OD}{AD} = \frac{S_{\triangle OBC}}{S_{\triangle ABC}}, \quad q = \frac{OE}{BE} = \frac{S_{\triangle OCA}}{S_{\triangle ABC}}, \quad r = \frac{OF}{CF} = \frac{S_{\triangle OAB}}{S_{\triangle ABC}}.
Evidently, p+q+r=1p + q + r = 1; assume pqr>0p \ge q \ge r > 0 (so that p131m+2p \ge \frac{1}{3} \ge \frac{1}{m+2}). Let AA', BB', and DD' be the respective symmetric points of AA, BB, and DD about OO. On the line ADAD, let UVUV be the intersection of the segments ADAD and DAD'A', namely, UU is AA or DD', VV is DD or AA', whichever is closer to OO. Since BUVABC\triangle BUV \subseteq \triangle ABC, except for OO, there is no mm-integral point in the interior of BUV\triangle BUV or in the interior of UVUV, and neither in the symmetric BUV\triangle B'UV. Together, they imply that the parallelogram BUBVBUB'V

(centered at OO) does not have interior mm-integral points other than OO. By Minkowski's theorem,
4m2SBUBV=4SΔOBV=4SΔABC×min{p,1p}×qq+r; 4m^2 \geq S_{BUB'V} = 4S_{\Delta OBV} = 4S_{\Delta ABC} \times \min\{p, 1-p\} \times \frac{q}{q+r};
SΔABC4m24min{p,1p}×q+rq2m2min{p,1p}. S_{\Delta ABC} \leq \frac{4m^2}{4 \min\{p, 1-p\}} \times \frac{q+r}{q} \leq \frac{2m^2}{\min\{p, 1-p\}}.
If p>mm+1p > \frac{m}{m+1}, then
ODOA=ODAO=p1p>m, \frac{OD}{OA'} = \frac{OD}{AO} = \frac{p}{1-p} > m,
taking OL=mOAOL = m \cdot OA' on segment ODOD, LL must be an mm-integral point inside ABC\triangle ABC, which is contradictory.
Therefore, pmm+1p \le \frac{m}{m+1}, min{p,1p}1m+2\min\{p, 1-p\} \ge \frac{1}{m+2}, and we deduce

SS_{\triangle} ABC} \le 2m^2(m+2). \quad \square

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.