GeometryDifficulty 5.5AIME, harderProve itUnited States
Problem:
An apple is in the shape of a ball of radius 31mm. A worm gets into the apple and digs a tunnel of total length 61mm, and then leaves the apple. (The tunnel need not be a straight line.) Prove that one can cut the apple with a straight slice through the center so that one of the two halves is not rotten.
Solution
Solution:
Let A and B be the endpoints of the tunnel, and let C be the point diametrically opposite to A. We claim that the plane π which perpendicularly bisects BC gives the desired cut. Indeed, this plane contains the center of the apple since it is equidistant from B and C; now assume for the sake of contradiction that the tunnel enters both halves of the apple. Then it must cross π at some point R. Reflect that portion of the tunnel lying between R and B across π, thus obtaining a tunnel from R to C. Note that reflection preserves the length of this segment of tunnel. Thus we obtain a tunnel from A to R to C, which has the same length as the original (61mm). On the other hand, since A and C are diametrically opposite, by the triangle inequality the tunnel has length ≥AC=62mm. This is a contradiction. Thus our tunnel cannot intersect both halves, which is what we want.
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