Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

An apple is in the shape of a ball of radius 31 mm31~\mathrm{mm}. A worm gets into the apple and digs a tunnel of total length 61 mm61~\mathrm{mm}, and then leaves the apple. (The tunnel need not be a straight line.) Prove that one can cut the apple with a straight slice through the center so that one of the two halves is not rotten.

Solution

Solution:

Let AA and BB be the endpoints of the tunnel, and let CC be the point diametrically opposite to AA. We claim that the plane π\pi which perpendicularly bisects BCBC gives the desired cut. Indeed, this plane contains the center of the apple since it is equidistant from BB and CC; now assume for the sake of contradiction that the tunnel enters both halves of the apple. Then it must cross π\pi at some point RR. Reflect that portion of the tunnel lying between RR and BB across π\pi, thus obtaining a tunnel from RR to CC. Note that reflection preserves the length of this segment of tunnel. Thus we obtain a tunnel from AA to RR to CC, which has the same length as the original (61 mm)(61~\mathrm{mm}). On the other hand, since AA and CC are diametrically opposite, by the triangle inequality the tunnel has length AC=62 mm\geq AC = 62~\mathrm{mm}. This is a contradiction. Thus our tunnel cannot intersect both halves, which is what we want.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.