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Geometry Difficulty 6.7 National olympiad Prove it Greece

A triangle ABΓAB\Gamma is given, c(O,R)c(O,R) is its circumcircle and let Δ\Delta a point on the side BΓB\Gamma different than the midpoint of BΓB\Gamma. The circumcircle of the triangle BOΔBO\Delta, say c1c_1, intersects the circle c(O,R)c(O,R) at KK and the line ABAB at ZZ. The circumcircle of the triangle GOΔGO\Delta, say c2c_2, intersects the circle c(O,R)c(O,R) at MM and the line AΓA\Gamma at EE. Finally, the circumcircle of the triangle AEZAEZ, say c3c_3, intersects the circle c(O,R)c(O,R) at point NN. Prove that the triangles ABΓAB\Gamma and KMNKMN are equal.

Solution

We will prove that the circle c3c_3 passes from the center OO of c(O,R)c(O,R).
From the inscribed quadrilateral OΔΓEO\Delta\Gamma E (in the circle c3c_3) we get: O^1=Γ^\hat{O}_1 = \hat{\Gamma}.
From the inscribed quadrilateral OΔBZO\Delta BZ (in the circle c1c_1) we get: O^2=B^\hat{O}_2 = \hat{B}.
Summing up the above equations we find:
O^1+O^2=B^+Γ^EOZ=B^+Γ^=180A^\hat{O}_1 + \hat{O}_2 = \hat{B} + \hat{\Gamma} \Rightarrow EOZ = \hat{B} + \hat{\Gamma} = 180^\circ - \hat{A},
and therefore the quadrilateral AEOZAEOZ is cyclic.

Now we are going to prove that the circles c1,c2,c3c_1, c_2, c_3 are equal.
From the cyclic quadrilateral OΔBZO\Delta BZ we have: Δ^2=Z^2\hat{\Delta}_2 = \hat{Z}_2.
Figure 1
Figure 1
From the cyclic quadrilateral OΔΓEO\Delta\Gamma E we have: Δ^2=E^1\hat{\Delta}_2 = \hat{E}_1 and hence:
Δ^2=Z^2=E^1. \hat{\Delta}_2 = \hat{Z}_2 = \hat{E}_1.
These three angles go in the equal chords OBOB, OΓO\Gamma and OAOA of the circles c1,c2c_1, c_2 and c3c_3, respectively. Therefore these three circles are equal.

Now in the equal circles c1c_1 and c2c_2, the angles Z^1\hat{Z}_1 and Δ^1\hat{\Delta}_1 go in the equal chords OKOK and OMOM (OK=OM=ROK = OM = R), and so: Z^1=Δ^1\hat{Z}_1 = \hat{\Delta}_1.
From the last equality we conclude that the points KK, Δ\Delta, MM are collinear. Similarly we prove that the points MM, EE, NN and NN, ZZ, KK are collinear.

From the equalities of angles BΔ^K=ΓΔ^MB\hat{\Delta}K = \Gamma\hat{\Delta}M and ΓE^M=AE^N\Gamma\hat{E}M = A\hat{E}N we get the equality of segments AN=BK=ΓMAN = BK = \Gamma M (chords of the circle c(O,R)c(O,R)).

The triangles ABΓAB\Gamma and KMNKMN have common circumcenter OO and the triangle KMNKMN is the image of ABΓAB\Gamma in the rotation R(O,ω)R(O, \omega), where
AO^N=BO^K=ΓO^M=ω^. Hence the triangles are equal. A\hat{O}N = B\hat{O}K = \Gamma\hat{O}M = \hat{\omega}. \text{ Hence the triangles are equal.}

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