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Geometry Difficulty 7.0 National olympiad Prove it

Let ABCDA B C D be a quadrilateral whose sides ABA B and CDC D are not parallel, and let OO be the intersection of its diagonals. Denote with H1H_{1} and H2H_{2} the orthocenters of the triangles OABO A B and OCDO C D, respectively. If MM and NN are the midpoints of the segments AB\overline{A B} and CD\overline{C D}, respectively, prove that the lines MNM N and H1H2\mathrm{H}_{1} \mathrm{H}_{2} are parallel if and only if AC=BD\overline{A C}=\overline{B D}.

Solution

Let AA^{\prime} and BB^{\prime} be the feet of the altitudes drawn from AA and BB respectively in the triangle AOBA O B, and CC^{\prime} and DD^{\prime} are the feet of the altitudes drawn from CC and DD in the triangle CODC O D. Obviously, AA^{\prime} and DD^{\prime} belong to the circle c1c_{1} of diameter AD\overline{A D}, while BB^{\prime} and CC^{\prime} belong to the circle c2c_{2} of diameter BC\overline{B C}.

It is easy to see that triangles H1ABH_{1} A B and H1BAH_{1} B^{\prime} A^{\prime} are similar. It follows that H1AH1A=H1BH1B\overline{H_{1} A} \cdot \overline{H_{1} A^{\prime}}=\overline{H_{1} B} \cdot \overline{H_{1} B^{\prime}}. (Alternatively, one could notice that the quadrilateral ABABA B A^{\prime} B^{\prime} is cyclic and obtain the previous relation by writing the power of H1H_{1} with respect to its circumcircle.) It follows that H1H_{1} has the same power with respect to circles c1c_{1} and c2c_{2}. Thus, H1H_{1} (and similarly, H2\mathrm{H}_{2}) is on the radical axis of the two circles.

The radical axis being perpendicular to the line joining the centers of the two circles, one concludes that H1H2\mathrm{H}_{1} \mathrm{H}_{2} is perpendicular to PQP Q, where PP and QQ are the midpoints of the sides AD\overline{A D} and BC\overline{B C}, respectively. ( PP and QQ are the centers of circles c1c_{1} and c2c_{2}.)

The condition H1H2MNH_{1} H_{2} \| M N is equivalent to MNPQM N \perp P Q. As MPNQM P N Q is a parallelogram, we conclude that H1H2MNMNPQMPNQH_{1} H_{2} \| M N \Leftrightarrow M N \perp P Q \Leftrightarrow M P N Q a rhombus MP=MQAC=BD\Leftrightarrow \overline{M P}=\overline{M Q} \Leftrightarrow \overline{A C}=\overline{B D}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.