Let be a triangle with incentre . A point in the interior of the triangle satisfies
Show that and that equality holds if and only if coincides with . (Korea)
Solution
Let . Since , the condition from the problem statement is equivalent to , i. e. . On the other hand . Hence , and since and are on the same side of , the points and are concyclic. In other words, lies on the circumcircle of triangle . ! Let be the circumcircle of triangle . It is a well-known fact that the centre of is the midpoint of the of . This is also the point where the angle bisector intersects . From triangle we have Therefore . Equality holds if and only if lies on the line segment , which occurs if and only if .
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