Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.3 National olympiad Prove it

Let ABCA B C be a triangle with incentre II. A point PP in the interior of the triangle satisfies
PBA+PCA=PBC+PCB. \angle P B A + \angle P C A = \angle P B C + \angle P C B .
Show that APAIA P \geq A I and that equality holds if and only if PP coincides with II. (Korea)

Solution

Let A=α,B=β,C=γ\angle A=\alpha, \angle B=\beta, \angle C=\gamma. Since PBA+PCA+PBC+PCB=β+γ\angle P B A+\angle P C A+\angle P B C+\angle P C B=\beta+\gamma, the condition from the problem statement is equivalent to PBC+PCB=(β+γ)/2\angle P B C+\angle P C B=(\beta+\gamma) / 2, i. e. BPC=90+α/2\angle B P C=90^{\circ}+\alpha / 2. On the other hand BIC=180(β+γ)/2=90+α/2\angle B I C=180^{\circ}-(\beta+\gamma) / 2=90^{\circ}+\alpha / 2. Hence BPC=BIC\angle B P C=\angle B I C, and since PP and II are on the same side of BCB C, the points B,C,IB, C, I and PP are concyclic. In other words, PP lies on the circumcircle ω\omega of triangle BCIB C I. ! Let Ω\Omega be the circumcircle of triangle ABCA B C. It is a well-known fact that the centre of ω\omega is the midpoint MM of the arcBC\operatorname{arc} B C of Ω\Omega. This is also the point where the angle bisector AIA I intersects Ω\Omega. From triangle APMA P M we have AP+PMAM=AI+IM=AI+PM A P+P M \geq A M=A I+I M=A I+P M \text {. } Therefore APAIA P \geq A I. Equality holds if and only if PP lies on the line segment AIA I, which occurs if and only if P=IP=I.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.