Maths Olympiad Prep

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Number theory Difficulty 6.1 National olympiad Prove it

Show that there is a number 1<b<19931<\mathrm{b}<1993 such that if 1994 is written in base b\mathrm{b} then all its digits are the same. Show that there is no number 1<b<19921<b<1992 such that if 1993 is written in base b\mathrm{b} then all its digits are the same.

Solution

Any even number 2n2n can be written as 22 in base n1n-1. In particular 1994=229961994=22996.

We have to show that we cannot write 1993=1993= aaa ... aba_{b}. If the number has nn digits, then 1993 =a(1+b++bn1)=a(bn1)/(b1)=a(1+b+\ldots+b^{n-1})=a(b^n-1)/(b-1). But 1993 is prime, so aa must be 1. Hence bn1++b1992=0b^{n-1}+\ldots+b -1992=0. So bb must divide 1992=233831992=2^3 \cdot 3 \cdot 83. We cannot have n=2n=2, for then b=1992b=1992 and we require b>2b>2. But 832=6889>199383^2=6889>1993, so bb must divide 24. Hence b=2,3,4,6,8,12b=2,3,4,6,8,12, or 24. But we can easily check that none of these work:

```
1+2+22++29=1023,1++210=20471+2+2^2+\ldots+2^9=1023,1+\ldots+2^{10}=2047.
1+3++36=1093,1++37=32801+3+\ldots+3^6=1093,1+\ldots+3^7=3280
1+4++45=1365,1++46=54611+4+\ldots+4^5=1365,1+\ldots+4^6=5461
```

```
1+6++64=1555,1++65=93311+6+\ldots+6^4=1555,1+\ldots+6^5=9331
1+8+82+83=585,1++84=46811+8+8^2+8^3=585,1+\ldots+8^4=4681
1+12+122+123=1885,1++124=226211+12+12^2+12^3=1885,1+\ldots+12^4=22621
1+24+242=601,1++243=144251+24+24^2=601,1+\ldots+24^3=14425
```

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.