Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.2 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Let ABAB be a diameter of a circle with centre OO, and CDCD be a chord perpendicular to ABAB. A chord AEAE intersects COCO at MM, while DEDE and BCBC intersect at NN. Prove that CM:CO=CN:CBCM:CO=CN:CB.

Solution

1. Identify the given elements and their relationships:
- ABAB is a diameter of the circle with center OO.
- CDCD is a chord perpendicular to ABAB.
- AEAE is a chord intersecting COCO at MM.
- DEDE and BCBC intersect at NN.

2. Establish the harmonic quadrilateral:
- Since ABAB is a diameter, AOB=180\angle AOB = 180^\circ.
- ACBD\square ACBD is a harmonic quadrilateral because ABAB is a diameter and CDCD is perpendicular to ABAB.

3. Use the properties of harmonic division:
- In a harmonic quadrilateral, the cross-ratio (A,B;C,D)(A, B; C, D) is 1-1.
- This implies that (B,A;D,C)(B, A; D, C) is also 1-1.

4. Consider the intersection points and their properties:
- Let AEAE cut BCBC at FF.
- Since ACBD\square ACBD is harmonic, the cross-ratio (B,A;D,C)(B, A; D, C) is preserved under projection.

5. Apply the cross-ratio preservation:
- Projecting from EE, we have (B,A;D,C)=(B,F;N,C)(B, A; D, C) = (B, F; N, C).
- Projecting from MM, we have (B,F;N,C)=(B,A;X,O)(B, F; N, C) = (B, A; X, O), where XX is the point at infinity because ABAB is parallel to MNMN.

6. Use the properties of parallel lines:
- Since ABAB is parallel to MNMN, the cross-ratio (B,A;X,O)(B, A; X, O) simplifies to (B,A;,O)(B, A; \infty, O).
- This implies that AO=BOAO = BO and ABAB is parallel to MNMN.

7. Establish the required ratio:
- Since ABAB is parallel to MNMN, the triangles CMO\triangle CMO and CBN\triangle CBN are similar by AA similarity criterion.
- Therefore, CMCO=CNCB\frac{CM}{CO} = \frac{CN}{CB}.

CMCO=CNCB \boxed{\frac{CM}{CO} = \frac{CN}{CB}}

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.