Let be a diameter of a circle with centre , and be a chord perpendicular to . A chord intersects at , while and intersect at . Prove that .
Solution
1. Identify the given elements and their relationships:
- is a diameter of the circle with center .
- is a chord perpendicular to .
- is a chord intersecting at .
- and intersect at .
2. Establish the harmonic quadrilateral:
- Since is a diameter, .
- is a harmonic quadrilateral because is a diameter and is perpendicular to .
3. Use the properties of harmonic division:
- In a harmonic quadrilateral, the cross-ratio is .
- This implies that is also .
4. Consider the intersection points and their properties:
- Let cut at .
- Since is harmonic, the cross-ratio is preserved under projection.
5. Apply the cross-ratio preservation:
- Projecting from , we have .
- Projecting from , we have , where is the point at infinity because is parallel to .
6. Use the properties of parallel lines:
- Since is parallel to , the cross-ratio simplifies to .
- This implies that and is parallel to .
7. Establish the required ratio:
- Since is parallel to , the triangles and are similar by AA similarity criterion.
- Therefore, .