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Algebra Difficulty 4.6 AIME Prove it

Given a sequence {an}\{a_n\} satisfying a1=1a_1=1, an+1=114ana_{n+1}=1-\frac{1}{4a_n}, where nNn\in\mathbb{N}^*,

(1) Let bn=22an1b_n=\frac{2}{2a_n-1}, prove that the sequence {bn}\{b_n\} is an arithmetic sequence;

(2) If cn=6n+(1)n1λ2bnc_n=6^n+(-1)^{n-1}\lambda\cdot2^{b_n}, determine whether there exists λ\lambda such that for any nN+n\in\mathbb{N}^+, cn+1>cnc_{n+1}>c_n holds. If it exists, find the range of λ\lambda; if not, explain why;

(3) Prove that for all positive integers nn, 1b1(b1+1)+1b2(b2+1)++1bn(bn+1)<1342\frac{1}{b_1(b_1+1)}+\frac{1}{b_2(b_2+1)}+\ldots+\frac{1}{b_n(b_n+1)}<\frac{13}{42}.

Solution

(1) To prove: bn+1bn=bn=22an+1122an1=22(114an)122an1=4an2an122an1=2b_{n+1}-b_n=b_n=\frac{2}{2a_{n+1}-1}-\frac{2}{2a_n-1}=\frac{2}{2(1-\frac{1}{4a_n})-1}-\frac{2}{2a_n-1}=\frac{4a_n}{2a_n-1}-\frac{2}{2a_n-1}=2

Therefore, the sequence {bn}\{b_n\} is an arithmetic sequence, with a1=1a_1=1, b1=2b_1=2, hence bn=2nb_n=2n. 4 points\boxed{4\text{ points}}

(2) cn=6n+(1)n1λ4nc_n=6^n+(-1)^{n-1}\lambda\cdot4^n, for cn+1>cnc_{n+1}>c_n to always hold, then

6n+1+(1)nλ4n+1>6n+(1)n1λ4n6n+(1)nλ4n>06^{n+1}+(-1)^n\lambda\cdot4^{n+1}>6^n+(-1)^{n-1}\lambda\cdot4^n\Rightarrow 6^n+(-1)^n\lambda\cdot4^n>0

When nn is even, λ>6n4n=(32)n\lambda>-\frac{6^n}{4^n}=-\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^n, thus λ>[(32)n]max=94\lambda>\left[-\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^n\right]_{\text{max}}=-\frac{9}{4}

When nn is odd, λ6n4n=(32)n\lambda\leq\frac{6^n}{4^n}=\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^n, thus λ<[(32)n]min=32\lambda<\left[\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^n\right]_{\text{min}}=\frac{3}{2}

Therefore, λ(94,32)\lambda\in\left(-\frac{9}{4}, \frac{3}{2}\right). 9 points\boxed{9\text{ points}}

(3) From (1), 1bn(bn+1)=12n(2n+1)=416n2+8n<416n2+8n3=4(4n1)(4n+3)=14n114n+3\frac{1}{b_n(b_n+1)}=\frac{1}{2n(2n+1)}=\frac{4}{16n^2+8n}<\frac{4}{16n^2+8n-3}=\frac{4}{(4n-1)(4n+3)}=\frac{1}{4n-1}-\frac{1}{4n+3} (for n2n\geq2).

Therefore, 1b1(b1+1)+1b2(b2+1)++1bn(bn+1)<16+(17111+111115++14n114n+3)=134214n+3<1342\frac{1}{b_1(b_1+1)}+\frac{1}{b_2(b_2+1)}+\ldots+\frac{1}{b_n(b_n+1)}<\frac{1}{6}+\left(\frac{1}{7}-\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{11}-\frac{1}{15}+\ldots+\frac{1}{4n-1}-\frac{1}{4n+3}\right)=\frac{13}{42}-\frac{1}{4n+3}<\frac{13}{42}. End\boxed{\text{End}}

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.