Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.4 National olympiad Prove it

Let ABCDEA B C D E be a convex pentagon such that BCAE,AB=BC+AEB C \| A E, A B=B C+A E, and ABC=\angle A B C= CDE\angle C D E. Let MM be the midpoint of CEC E, and let OO be the circumcenter of triangle BCDB C D. Given that DMO=90\angle D M O=90^{\circ}, prove that 2BDA=CDE2 \angle B D A=\angle C D E. (Ukraine)

Solution

Choose point TT on ray AEA E such that AT=ABA T=A B; then from AEBCA E \| B C we have CBT=ATB=ABT\angle C B T=\angle A T B=\angle A B T, so BTB T is the bisector of ABC\angle A B C. On the other hand, we have ET=ATAE=ABAE=BCE T=A T-A E=A B-A E=B C, hence quadrilateral BCTEB C T E is a parallelogram, and the midpoint MM of its diagonal CEC E is also the midpoint of the other diagonal BTB T. Next, let point KK be symmetrical to DD with respect to MM. Then OMO M is the perpendicular bisector of segment DKD K, and hence OD=OKO D=O K, which means that point KK lies on the circumcircle of triangle BCDB C D. Hence we have BDC=BKC\angle B D C=\angle B K C. On the other hand, the angles BKCB K C and TDET D E are symmetrical with respect to MM, so TDE=BKC=BDC\angle T D E=\angle B K C=\angle B D C. Therefore, BDT=BDE+EDT=BDE+BDC=CDE=ABC=180\angle B D T=\angle B D E+\angle E D T=\angle B D E+\angle B D C=\angle C D E=\angle A B C=180^{\circ}- BAT\angle B A T. This means that the points A,B,D,TA, B, D, T are concyclic, and hence ADB=ATB=\angle A D B=\angle A T B= 12ABC=12CDE\frac{1}{2} \angle A B C=\frac{1}{2} \angle C D E, as desired. !

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.