33. Let m⩾3. Prove the following: the arithmetic sequence 1+lm(l=0,1,⋯) must contain infinitely many primes. (i) The original proposition is equivalent to the statement that the arithmetic sequence must contain at least one prime. (ii) Let q be a prime, q∣mm−1 and δq(m)=h, then qr∥mh−1 if and only if qr∥mm−1. (iii) If q satisfies the conditions in (ii) and m∤q−1, then h<m. (iv) Let the distinct prime factors of m be p1,p2,⋯,pn; and let the sets be
S1={s=m/(pi1⋯pit):1⩽i1<⋯<it⩽n,2∤t}S2={s=m/(pi1⋯pit):1⩽i1<⋯<it⩽n,2∣t}
and
A1=s∈S1∏(ms−1),A2=s∈S2∏(ms−1)
Prove: If all prime factors q of mm−1 are not congruent to 1(modm), then we must have A1=(mm−1)A2. (v) When m⩾3, the equation in (iv) cannot hold. Therefore, the arithmetic sequence must contain at least one prime.
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