Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Let ω\omega be a circle with centre OO. Let γ\gamma be another circle passing through OO and intersecting ω\omega at points AA and BB. AA diameter CDCD of ω\omega intersects γ\gamma at a point PP different from OO. Prove that APC=BPD\angle APC= \angle BPD

Solution

1. Identify the given elements and their properties:
- Let ω\omega be a circle with center OO.
- Let γ\gamma be another circle passing through OO and intersecting ω\omega at points AA and BB.
- The diameter CDCD of ω\omega intersects γ\gamma at a point PP different from OO.

2. **Establish that OPABOPAB is a cyclic quadrilateral:**
- Since OO, PP, AA, and BB all lie on the circle γ\gamma, the quadrilateral OPABOPAB is cyclic.

3. Use the properties of cyclic quadrilaterals:
- In a cyclic quadrilateral, opposite angles sum to 180180^\circ. Therefore, OPA+OBA=180\angle OPA + \angle OBA = 180^\circ.

4. **Relate the angles APC\angle APC and BPD\angle BPD:**
- Since OO is the center of ω\omega, OA=OBOA = OB (radii of the circle ω\omega).
- This implies that OAB\triangle OAB is isosceles with OA=OBOA = OB.
- Therefore, OAB=OBA\angle OAB = \angle OBA.

5. **Express APC\angle APC and BPD\angle BPD in terms of the angles in OAB\triangle OAB:**
- Since OPABOPAB is cyclic, OPA=OBA\angle OPA = \angle OBA (opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral).
- Similarly, OPB=OAB\angle OPB = \angle OAB.

6. Conclude the equality of the angles:
- From the above, we have APC=OPA\angle APC = \angle OPA and BPD=OPB\angle BPD = \angle OPB.
- Since OPA=OBA\angle OPA = \angle OBA and OPB=OAB\angle OPB = \angle OAB, and OAB=OBA\angle OAB = \angle OBA, it follows that APC=BPD\angle APC = \angle BPD.

Therefore, we have shown that APC=BPD\angle APC = \angle BPD.

\blacksquare

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.