Maths Olympiad Prep

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Number theory Difficulty 6.2 National olympiad Prove it

7. Let m=2α0p1α1prαr,pjm=2^{\alpha_{0}} p_{1}^{\alpha_{1}} \cdots p_{r}^{\alpha_{r}}, p_{j} be different odd primes, αj1(1jr)\alpha_{j} \geqslant 1(1 \leqslant j \leqslant r), α00\alpha_{0} \geqslant 0. Prove: The number of solutions to the congruence equation x21(modm)x^{2} \equiv 1(\bmod m) is
T={2r,α0=0,12r+1,α0=22r+2,α03T=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} 2^{r}, & \alpha_{0}=0,1 \\ 2^{r+1}, & \alpha_{0}=2 \\ 2^{r+2}, & \alpha_{0} \geqslant 3 \end{array}\right.

Solution

7. From Example 4 and Example 5, we conclude.

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