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Geometry Difficulty 8.3 Shortlist Prove it

In acute triangle ABC,ABC, the feet of the altitudes are A1,B1,A_1,B_1, and C1C_1 (with the usual notations on sides BC,CA,BC,CA, and ABAB respectively). The circumcircles of triangles AB1C1AB_1C_1 and BC1A1BC_1A_1 intersect at the circumcircle of triangle ABCABC ar points PAP\neq A and QB,Q\neq B, respectively. Prove that lines AQ,BPAQ, BP and the Euler line of triangle ABCABC are either concurrent or parallel to each other.

Proposed by Géza Kós, Budapest

Solution

1. Define Key Points and Circles:
- Let H H and O O be the orthocenter and circumcenter of triangle ABC ABC , respectively.
- Let A1,B1, A_1, B_1, and C1 C_1 be the feet of the altitudes from A,B, A, B, and C C respectively.
- Let P P and Q Q be the points where the circumcircles of triangles AB1C1 AB_1C_1 and BC1A1 BC_1A_1 intersect the circumcircle of triangle ABC ABC at points other than A A and B B , respectively.

2. **Claim: H H lies on the radical axis of the circles (AOQ) (AOQ) and (BOP) (BOP) .**
- To prove this, consider the power of point H H with respect to these circles.
- Let A A' and B B' be the antipodes of A A and B B in the circumcircle of ABC \triangle ABC .

3. **Prove H H lies on the radical axis:**
- Note that HPA=HC1A=90=APA \angle HPA = \angle HC_1A = 90^\circ = \angle A'PA , so APH A' \in PH .
- Similarly, BQH B' \in QH .
- Let M M be the second intersection of HP HP with (BOP) (BOP) and N N be the second intersection of HQ HQ with (AOQ) (AOQ) .
- Since HMO=PMO=PBO=PBB=PAB=HAB \angle HMO = \angle PMO = \angle PBO = \angle PBB' = \angle PA'B' = \angle HA'B' , it follows that MOAB MO \parallel A'B' .
- Similarly, NOAB NO \parallel A'B' .
- Hence, MNAB MN \parallel A'B' .

4. Using Thales's Theorem:
- By Thales's theorem in HAB \triangle HA'B' , we have:
HMHA=HNHB \frac{HM}{HA'} = \frac{HN}{HB'}
- This implies:
ρ(H,(AOQ))=HQHN=HNHB(HQHB)=HNHBρ(H,(ABC))=HMHA(HPHA)=HPHM=ρ(H,(BOP)) \rho(H, (AOQ)) = HQ \cdot HN = \frac{HN}{HB'} \cdot (HQ \cdot HB') = \frac{HN}{HB'} \cdot \rho(H, (ABC)) = \frac{HM}{HA'} \cdot (HP \cdot HA') = HP \cdot HM = \rho(H, (BOP))
- Therefore, H H lies on the radical axis of (AOQ) (AOQ) and (BOP) (BOP) .

5. Case Analysis:
- **Case 1: AQBP AQ \nparallel BP **
- Let K=AQBP K = AQ \cap BP .
- Consider the inversion Ψ \Psi with respect to the circumcircle of ABC \triangle ABC .
- For each X(ABC) X \in (ABC) , Ψ(X)=X \Psi(X) = X .
- Hence, Ψ(AQ)=(AOQ) \Psi(AQ) = (AOQ) and Ψ(BP)=(BOP) \Psi(BP) = (BOP) , implying K=Ψ(K)(AOQ)(BOP){O} K^* = \Psi(K) \in (AOQ) \cap (BOP) \setminus \{O\} .
- From the claim, HOK H \in OK^* .
- Since KOK K \in OK^* , it follows that O,H,K, O, H, K^*, and K K are collinear.
- Therefore, lines AQ,BP, AQ, BP, and the Euler line HO HO of ABC \triangle ABC are concurrent.

- **Case 2: AQBP AQ \parallel BP **
- In this case, AQBP AQBP forms an isosceles trapezium.
- The circumcenters of AOQ \triangle AOQ and BOP \triangle BOP lie on the common perpendicular bisector of segments AQ AQ and BP BP .
- This implies that (AOQ) (AOQ) and (BOP) (BOP) are tangent at O O .
- From the claim, HO HO is tangent to (BOP) (BOP) at O O , implying:
HOP=OBP=OPB \angle HOP = \angle OBP = \angle OPB
- Hence, HOBPAQ HO \parallel BP \parallel AQ .

Conclusion:
The lines AQ,BP, AQ, BP, and the Euler line of ABC \triangle ABC are either concurrent or parallel to each other.

\blacksquare

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.