Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.9 National olympiad Prove it

Let ABCA B C be an isosceles triangle with BC=CAB C=C A, and let DD be a point inside side ABA B such that AD<DBA D<D B. Let PP and QQ be two points inside sides BCB C and CAC A, respectively, such that DPB=DQA=90\angle D P B=\angle D Q A=90^{\circ}. Let the perpendicular bisector of PQP Q meet line segment CQC Q at EE, and let the circumcircles of triangles ABCA B C and CPQC P Q meet again at point FF, different from CC. Suppose that P,E,FP, E, F are collinear. Prove that ACB=90\angle A C B=90^{\circ}. (Luxembourg)

Solution

Let \ell be the perpendicular bisector of PQP Q, and denote by ω\omega the circle CFPQC F P Q. By DPBCD P \perp B C and DQACD Q \perp A C, the circle ω\omega passes through DD; moreover, CDC D is a diameter of ω\omega. The lines QEQ E and PEP E are symmetric about \ell, and \ell is a symmetry axis of ω\omega as well; it follows that the chords CQC Q and FPF P are symmetric about \ell, hence CC and FF are symmetric about \ell. Therefore, the perpendicular bisector of CFC F coincides with \ell. Thus \ell passes through the circumcenter OO of ABCA B C. Let MM be the midpoint of ABA B. Since CMDM,MC M \perp D M, M also lies on ω\omega. By ACM=BCM\angle A C M=\angle B C M, the chords MPM P and MQM Q of ω\omega are equal. Then, from MP=MQM P=M Q it follows that \ell passes through MM. ! Finally, both OO and MM lie on lines \ell and CMC M, therefore O=MO=M, and ACB=90\angle A C B=90^{\circ} follows.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.