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Number theory Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it

Theorem 9.9. If n3(mod4)n \equiv 3(\bmod 4) and nn is an Euler pseudoprime to the base bb, then nn is a strong pseudoprime to the base bb.

Solution

Proof. From the congruence n3(mod4)n \equiv 3(\bmod 4), we know that n1=22tn-1=2^{2} \cdot t where t=(n1)/2t=(n-1) / 2 is odd. Since nn is an Euler pseudoprime to the base bb, it follows that
bt=b(n1)/2(bn)(modn)b^{t}=b^{(n-1) / 2} \equiv\left(\frac{b}{n}\right)(\bmod n)

Since (bn)=±1,\quad\left(\frac{b}{n}\right)= \pm 1, \quad we know that either bt1(modn)\quad b^{t} \equiv 1(\bmod n) \quad or bt1(modn)b^{t} \equiv-1(\bmod n). Hence, one of the congruences in the definition of a strong pseudoprime to the base bb must hold. Consequently, nn is a strong pseudoprime to the base bb.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.