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Geometry Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

(A.Zaslavsky, 9--10) Quadrilateral ABCD ABCD is circumscribed arounda circle with center I I. Prove that the projections of points B B and D D to the lines IA IA and IC IC lie on a single circle.

Solution

1. Define Projections: Denote by B1 B_1 and B2 B_2 the orthogonal projections of B B on the lines IA IA and IC IC , respectively. Similarly, let D1 D_1 and D2 D_2 be the projections of D D on the same lines IA IA and IC IC , respectively.

2. Lemma Application: Consider the following lemma:
Lemma: Let ABC \triangle ABC be a triangle, and denote by M M the midpoint of segment BC BC . If X X and Y Y are the orthogonal projections of the vertices B B and C C on the internal angle bisector of angle BAC BAC , then MX=MY=bc2 MX = MY = \frac{|b - c|}{2} .

Proof of Lemma:
- Let B B' be the intersection of the line BX BX with the sideline CA CA . Since ABB \triangle ABB' is isosceles, the length of segment CB CB' is bc |b - c| .
- X X and M M are the midpoints of segments BB BB' and BC BC , respectively. Thus, XM=CB2=bc2 XM = \frac{CB'}{2} = \frac{|b - c|}{2} .

3. Apply Lemma to Quadrilateral: Returning to the problem, let T T be the midpoint of the diagonal BD BD . According to the lemma applied to BAD \triangle BAD , we have:
TB1=TD1=ABAD2 TB_1 = TD_1 = \frac{|AB - AD|}{2}
Similarly, applying the lemma to BCD \triangle BCD , we have:
TB2=TD2=BCCD2 TB_2 = TD_2 = \frac{|BC - CD|}{2}

4. Use Pitot's Theorem: For a circumscribed quadrilateral ABCD ABCD , Pitot's theorem states:
AB+CD=AD+BC AB + CD = AD + BC
This implies:
ABAD2=BCCD2 \frac{|AB - AD|}{2} = \frac{|BC - CD|}{2}

5. Conclude Equal Distances: From the above, we conclude:
TB1=TB2=TD1=TD2 TB_1 = TB_2 = TD_1 = TD_2
This means that the projections of B B and D D on the lines IA IA and IC IC lie on a single circle with center T T , the midpoint of diagonal BD BD .

\blacksquare

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.