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Algebra Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

76. Prove for all positive real numbers a,b,c,d,ea, b, c, d, e,
a+b2b+c2c+d2d+e2e+a3a+b+c3b+c+d3c+d+e3d+e+a3e+a+b3.\frac{a+b}{2} \cdot \frac{b+c}{2} \cdot \frac{c+d}{2} \cdot \frac{d+e}{2} \cdot \frac{e+a}{3} \leq \frac{a+b+c}{3} \cdot \frac{b+c+d}{3} \cdot \frac{c+d+e}{3} \cdot \frac{d+e+a}{3} \cdot \frac{e+a+b}{3} .

Solution

Proof: We first prove that for any a,b>0,a+b1a, b>0, a+b \leq 1
(1a1)(1b1)(2a+b1)2\left(\frac{1}{a}-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{b}-1\right) \geq\left(\frac{2}{a+b}-1\right)^{2}

In fact, this result can be expressed in the following form
1ab1a1b4(a+b)24a+b1ab4(a+b)21a+1b4a+b(ab)2ab(a+b)2(ab)2ab(a+b)(ab)2(1ab)0\begin{array}{l} \frac{1}{a b}-\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b} \geq \frac{4}{(a+b)^{2}}-\frac{4}{a+b} \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a b}-\frac{4}{(a+b)^{2}} \geq \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{4}{a+b} \\ \Leftrightarrow \frac{(a-b)^{2}}{a b(a+b)^{2}} \geq \frac{(a-b)^{2}}{a b(a+b)} \Leftrightarrow(a-b)^{2}(1-a-b) \geq 0 \end{array}

Returning to the original problem. We can assume a+b+c+d+e=1a+b+c+d+e=1, then we have
cyc(a+b2)cyc(a+b+c3)cyc(a+b+cd+e)3525cyc(1a+b1)3525\prod_{c y c}\left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right) \leq \prod_{c y c}\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right) \Leftrightarrow \prod_{c y c}\left(\frac{a+b+c}{d+e}\right) \geq \frac{3^{5}}{2^{5}} \Leftrightarrow \prod_{c y c}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}-1\right) \geq \frac{3^{5}}{2^{5}}

According to ()(*), we have
(1d+e1)(1a+b1)(2d+e+a+b1)2=(21c1)2\left(\frac{1}{d+e}-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}-1\right) \geq\left(\frac{2}{d+e+a+b}-1\right)^{2}=\left(\frac{2}{1-c}-1\right)^{2}

This result indicates
cyc(1a+b1)cyc(21c1)=cyc(1+c1c)\prod_{c y c}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}-1\right) \geq \prod_{c y c}\left(\frac{2}{1-c}-1\right)=\prod_{c y c}\left(\frac{1+c}{1-c}\right)

The function f(x)=ln(1+x)ln(1x)f(x)=\ln (1+x)-\ln (1-x) is a convex function, because the second derivative f(x)=1(1+x)2+1(1x)20f^{\prime \prime}(x)=\frac{-1}{(1+x)^{2}}+\frac{1}{(1-x)^{2}} \geq 0. Therefore, by Jensen's inequality, we have
cycf(a)5f(15)=5ln(32)cyc(1+c1c)3525 . \sum_{c y c} f(a) \geq 5 f\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)=5 \ln \left(\frac{3}{2}\right) \Rightarrow \prod_{c y c}\left(\frac{1+c}{1-c}\right) \geq \frac{3^{5}}{2^{5}} \text { . }

Equality holds when a=b=c=d=ea=b=c=d=e

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.