GeometryDifficulty 7.3National olympiad, round 2Find the answer
Let the major axis of an ellipse be AB, let O be its center, and let F be one of its foci. P is a point on the ellipse, and CD a chord through O, such that CD is parallel to the tangent of the ellipse at P. PF and CD intersect at Q. Compare the lengths of PQ and OA.
A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.
Solution
1. Equation of the Ellipse: Let the equation of the ellipse be given by: a2x2+b2y2=1 where a is the semi-major axis and b is the semi-minor axis. The relationship between a, b, and the focal distance c is given by: c2=a2−b2
2. Coordinates of the Focus: Let F(ϵc,0) be one of the foci of the ellipse, where ϵ=±1.
3. Point on the Ellipse: Let P(au,bv) be a point on the ellipse, where u2+v2=1.
4. **Slope of the Tangent at P**: The slope of the tangent to the ellipse at P is given by: mPP=−a2yb2x=−avbu
5. **Equation of the Chord CD**: Since CD is parallel to the tangent at P, its slope is also −avbu. Therefore, the equation of CD passing through the center O(0,0) is: y=−avbux
6. **Equation of the Line PF**: The line PF passes through P(au,bv) and F(ϵc,0). The slope of PF is: mPF=au−ϵcbv−0=au−ϵcbv Thus, the equation of PF is: y−bv=au−ϵcbv(x−au)
7. **Intersection Point Q**: To find the coordinates of Q, we solve the equations of CD and PF: y=−avbux y=au−ϵcbv(x−ϵc) Equating the two expressions for y: −avbux=au−ϵcbv(x−ϵc) Solving for x: −avbux(au−ϵc)=bv(x−ϵc) −bux=bv(x−ϵc) −bux=bvx−bvϵc x(bv+bu)=bvϵc x=bv+bubvϵc=1+vuϵcv x=v+uϵcv2 Substituting x back into the equation of CD: y=−avbu⋅v+uϵcv2 y=−a(v+u)ϵbcuv2
8. **Length PQ**: The coordinates of Q are: Q(v+uϵcv2,−a(v+u)ϵbcuv2) The distance PQ is: PQ=(au−v+uϵcv2)2+(bv+a(v+u)ϵbcuv2)2 Simplifying the expression inside the square root: PQ=(v+ua(v+u)au−ϵcv2)2+(a(v+u)a(v+u)bv+ϵbcuv2)2 PQ=(v+ua2u(v+u)−ϵcv2)2+(a(v+u)abv(v+u)+ϵbcuv2)2 PQ=(a2u−ϵcv2)2+(bv)2 PQ=a2u2+b2v2+c2−2ϵacu PQ=a2−2ϵacu+c2 PQ=a
Thus, PQ=OA.
The final answer is PQ=OA.
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