Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it

Example 7 As shown in Figure 6, quadrilateral ABCDABCD is inscribed in O\odot O, its side ABAB and the extension of DCDC meet at point PP, and the extensions of ADAD and BCBC meet at point QQ. Two tangents are drawn from QQ to O\odot O, touching it at points EE and FF. Prove: P,E,FP, E, F are collinear.

Solution

Proof: From the given, we know that QAQA and QBQB are two secants of the incircle O\odot O of EQF\angle EQF. Let ACAC and BDBD intersect at point RR.
Then, by Property 3, we know that P,F,R,EP, F, R, E are collinear.
Therefore, P,E,FP, E, F are collinear.
To introduce Example 8, let's discuss the figure represented by Property 2(2).

As shown in Figure 7, O\odot O is tangent to the sides of TNS\angle T'N'S' at points TT' and SS'. Then, MM is the midpoint of the chord IJIJ cut by the secant through point NN' on O\odot O if and only if N,T,M,SN', T', M, S' are concyclic.

Handling this figure with inversion, we can obtain a new proposition: \square

Let the power of point MM with respect to O\odot O be kk, and perform the inversion I(M,k)I(M, k). Then O\odot O is a self-inverse circle. Let the inverse of point XX' be XX. The inverse of line NSN'S' is a circle O1\odot O_1 passing through points MM and NN and internally tangent to O\odot O at point SS. The inverse of line NTN'T' is a circle O2\odot O_2 passing through points MM and NN and internally tangent to O\odot O at point TT. The line MNMN' remains unchanged. When MM does not coincide with the center OO, O1\odot O_1 and O2\odot O_2 are not equal. And N,T,M,SN', T', M, S' are concyclic if and only if S,N,TS, N, T are collinear.
Thus, the inverted proposition is the following example.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.