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Geometry Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

86. OO is the circumcenter of an acute triangle ABCABC, and the lines CO,AOCO, AO, and BOBO intersect the circumcircles of AOB,BOC\triangle AOB, \triangle BOC, and COA\triangle COA at the second points A1,B1A_1, B_1, and C1C_1 different from OO, respectively. Prove that: AA1OA1+BB1OB1+CC1OC192\frac{AA_1}{OA_1} + \frac{BB_1}{OB_1} + \frac{CC_1}{OC_1} \geqslant \frac{9}{2}. (1999 USA National Training Team Problem)

Solution

86. As shown in the figure, let the circumradius of ABC\triangle ABC be RR, and the circumradius of BOC\triangle BOC be RR'. It is easy to see that BAO=ABO=90C\angle BAO = \angle ABO = 90^\circ - C, CAO=ACO=90B\angle CAO = \angle ACO = 90^\circ - B, OBC=OCB=CA1O=90A\angle OBC = \angle OCB = \angle CA_1O = 90^\circ - A, OA2C=ABC+BAO=90+BC\angle OA_2C = \angle ABC + \angle BAO = 90^\circ + B - C, COA1=CAO+ACO=1802B\angle COA_1 = \angle CAO + \angle ACO = 180^\circ - 2B, OCA1=180COA1OA1C=180(1802B)(90A)=2B+A90=90C+B\angle OCA_1 = 180^\circ - \angle COA_1 - \angle OA_1C = 180^\circ - (180^\circ - 2B) - (90^\circ - A) = 2B + A - 90^\circ = 90^\circ - C + B. Applying the Law of Sines in ABC\triangle ABC and BOC\triangle BOC, we get BC=a=2RsinA=2RsinBOC=2Rsin2ABC = a = 2R \sin A = 2R \cdot \sin \angle BOC = 2R' \sin 2A, so 2R=RcosA2R' = \frac{R}{\cos A}. Using the Law of Sines again, we have
OA1=2RsinOCA1=Rsin(90C+B)cosA=Rcos(BC)cosAAA1=AO+OA1=R+Rcos(BC)cosA=R(1+cos(BC)cosA)AA1OA1=R(1+cos(BC)cosA)Rcos(BC)cosA=cosAcos(BC)+1\begin{array}{l} OA_1 = 2R' \sin \angle OCA_1 = \frac{R \sin (90^\circ - C + B)}{\cos A} = \frac{R \cos (B - C)}{\cos A} \\ AA_1 = AO + OA_1 = R + \frac{R \cos (B - C)}{\cos A} = R \left(1 + \frac{\cos (B - C)}{\cos A}\right) \\ \frac{AA_1}{OA_1} = \frac{R \left(1 + \frac{\cos (B - C)}{\cos A}\right)}{\frac{R \cos (B - C)}{\cos A}} = \frac{\cos A}{\cos (B - C)} + 1 \end{array}

Similarly,
BB1OB1=cosBcos(CA)+1CC1OC1=cosCcos(AB)+1AA1OA1+BB1OB1+CC1OC192cosAcos(BC)+cosBcos(CA)+cosCcos(AB)32\begin{array}{c} \frac{BB_1}{OB_1} = \frac{\cos B}{\cos (C - A)} + 1 \\ \frac{CC_1}{OC_1} = \frac{\cos C}{\cos (A - B)} + 1 \\ \frac{AA_1}{OA_1} + \frac{BB_1}{OB_1} + \frac{CC_1}{OC_1} \geq \frac{9}{2} \Leftrightarrow \frac{\cos A}{\cos (B - C)} + \frac{\cos B}{\cos (C - A)} + \frac{\cos C}{\cos (A - B)} \geq \frac{3}{2} \end{array}

And
cosAcos(BC)=2sinAcosA2sin(B+C)cos(BC)=sin2Asin2B+sin2C\frac{\cos A}{\cos (B - C)} = \frac{2 \sin A \cos A}{2 \sin (B + C) \cos (B - C)} = \frac{\sin 2A}{\sin 2B + \sin 2C}

Similarly,
cosBcos(CA)=sin2Bsin2C+sin2AcosCcos(AB)=sin2Csin2A+sin2B\begin{array}{l} \frac{\cos B}{\cos (C - A)} = \frac{\sin 2B}{\sin 2C + \sin 2A} \\ \frac{\cos C}{\cos (A - B)} = \frac{\sin 2C}{\sin 2A + \sin 2B} \end{array}

By Nesbitt's inequality ab+c+bc+a+ca+b32\frac{a}{b + c} + \frac{b}{c + a} + \frac{c}{a + b} \geq \frac{3}{2}, we get
sin2Asin2B+sin2C+sin2Bsin2C+sin2A+sin2Csin2A+sin2B32\frac{\sin 2A}{\sin 2B + \sin 2C} + \frac{\sin 2B}{\sin 2C + \sin 2A} + \frac{\sin 2C}{\sin 2A + \sin 2B} \geq \frac{3}{2}

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.